Te xt A
Fallacies about Food
饮食误区
Study of the Text
1.Many primitive peoples believed that by eating an animal they
could get some of the good qualities of that animal for themselves.
许多原始部落的人认为, 吃某种动物就可以吸取这种动物的一些优良品质。
1 )辨异: people, the people, peoples, person, n.
people 泛指“ 人们”, 前面不能加冠词。
People say that this is one of the best ways to study English.
人们说这是一种最好的学习英语的方法。
the people“ 人民”, 例如一个国家的人民, 全世界的人民, 或与统治阶级相对的“人民”。
To my mind, the highest honour is to serve the people.
我认为最高的荣誉是为人民服务。
peoples 指许多国家或地区的不同的“ 民族”、“ 人民”。
All the peoples throughout the world love peace.
全世界各民族都热爱和平。
person 指个别的人, 一般用于较精确的场合。
There are only three persons in the room. 房间里只有三个人。
Usually he is easy of access, but sometimes he is quite a different
person. 通常他是易于接近的, 但有时却是一个十分不同的人。
2 )介词by 在这里的意思是“ (表示方法、手段)靠, 用, 通过”。
He makes a living by teaching. 他靠教书为生。
Only by working hard can we succeed in doing anything.
只有依靠自己的努力才能把事情做好。
3 )for oneself 独自, 独立地
I can do it for myself. 我自己能做这件事。
2.Man-eating may have started because people were eager to become
as strong and brave as their enemies. 出现吃人现象可能是因为人们希望变得像他们的敌人一样强壮和勇敢。
1 )man-eating 在这里是个名词。名词+ 动名词是合成名词的一种
方式。如:
handwriting 书法；sun-bathing 日光浴
2 )“may have + 过去分词”表示对过去或某时以前发生的行为的推测。情态动词有时可以和动词的完成形式构成谓语, 表示“可能已经..”,“ 应当已经.. ”,“ 想必已经.. ”这类意思。
You ma y (might)ha ve read about it in the papers.
你可能在报上已经看到这件事了。
They shouldn’t have left so soon. 他们不应当走得这么早。
He must have arrived by now. 现在他想必已经到达。
3 )be eager to do sth. 渴望做某事, 急于做某事
He is eager to begin work. 他急于想开始工作。
3.They were called love apples and were supposed to make people who ate them fall in love.
它们被称之为爱果, 据说吃了这种爱果的人彼此就会相爱。
1 )who ate them 是个定语从句, 修饰先行词people。fall in love 是省略了符号to 的不定式短语, 在句中作宾语补足语。不定式可以作宾语补足语。
He asked us to study hard. 他叫我们努力学习。
但是, 在make, let, have, see, hear, watch, notice, feel 等动词后的复合宾语中, 不定式都不带to。
Make the past serve the present and foreign things serve China.
古为今用, 洋为中用。
I often hear them sing this song. 我常常听到他们唱这首歌。
2 )动词suppose 在这里的意思是“ 想, 认为”, 后面常跟从句、不定式to be 的复合结构, 也常用于被动结构。
I suppose we’ll have lunch at this hotel.
我想我们就在这家饭店吃午饭吧。
What makes you suppose him to be connected with them？
什么使你想到他和他们有联系？
He was supposed to be an expert in this field.
人们认为他是这方面的专家。
3 )fall in love(with)相爱, 爱上
As soon as he met her, he fell in love.
他一遇见她就坠入了爱河。
After working together for many years, they fell in love with each
other. 他们在一起工作多年, 最后爱上了。
4.Later another wrong idea about tomatoes grew up- the idea that
they were poisonous.
后来又出现了有关西红柿的另一种错误看法--西红柿有毒。
1 )that they were poisonous 是同位语从句, 与idea 同位。与先行词同位或等同的从句叫做同位语从句。同位语从句的先行词多
为fact, news, idea, thought 等抽象名词。
The fact that the money ha s gone does not mean it was stolen.
那笔钱不见了, 这一事实并不意味着是被偷了。
Have you heard the news that Mary is going to have a baby？
你听到玛丽要有孩子的消息吗？
2 )grow up 的基本意思是“ 长大、成长”, 但在这里的意思是“ 出现, 兴起”。
He wants to become a teacher when he grows up.
长大了他想当教师。
A troublesome situation ha s grown up.
出现了使人感到棘手的局面。
A new city has grown up in this industrial district.
在这个工业地区兴起了一座新城市。
5.But no one has been able to prove that fish is any better for the
brain than many other kinds of food.
然而, 至今没有人能证明鱼对大脑的好处比其他食品更多。
1 )one 作为不定代词, 可以是特指的一群人中的“ 一人, 人”。
One of the boys was left behind. 男孩中有一人被留在后面。
He is the one who likes his comforts. 他是个追求舒适的人。
one 也可泛指“ 一个人, 任何人”。
One can not succeed at this unless one tries hard.
除非努力争取, 否则就不可能在这方面取得成功。
One never knows what may happen.
谁也不知道可能会发生什么事。
2 )辨异: no one, none
no one 仅指人, none 可指人或物。
No one failed in the examination. 考试没有人不及格。
None of the students failed in the examination.
没有一个学生考试不及格。
I have ordered the cement, but none of it has arrived.
我定购了水泥, 可是一点也没有运到。
3 )any 在这里是个副词, 意思是“ 略, 稍、丝毫”, 一般用于否定句、疑问句和条件从句中。
Is he any better this morning？他今天早晨好一点了吗？
He is not any different from any other man who has been President.
他同当过总统的其他人没有丝毫区别。
6.Many of the ideas which scientists tell us have no foundation have
to do with mixtures of foods. 科学家告诉我们其中许多观点都是没有根据的, 这些没有根据的观点与食物的搭配有关。
1 )scientists tell us 是个插入语, 在句中不充当成分。which have
no fou ndation 是定语从句, 修饰先行词ideas。因有插入语, 所以定语从句中的主语which 才和谓语have 分开。插入语一般是对一句话作一些附加的解释, 最常见的有I think, I hope, I
guess, I believe, you see, you know, don’t you think, I tell you,
it seems, it seems to me 等等。这些结构可以放在句子末尾,
也可以插在句子中间。在这种句子中, 如果我们把插入语移到句子前部去, 它就会成为主要成分, 而原来句子的主要部分会变成一个从句。
That will be a good beginning, I hope. 希望这是一个好开端。
The film, I think, was both interesting and instructive.
那部电影我觉得既有趣又能教育人。
How long did she say she would stay here？
她说要在这里呆多久？
2 )have to do with 和..有关系
Don’t have too much to do with these people.
不要和这些人多来往。
They advised me to have nothing to do with him.
他们劝我不要和他有什么联系。
The conversation was mainly ha ving to do with exchange of students between two countries.
这时的话题主要是两国间交换留学生的问题。
3 )辨异: base, basis, foundation, n.
base 指具体的“ 基地”, 特别是军事或工业方面的基地。
The weary troops marched back to the ba se.
疲惫不堪的士兵列队返回基地。
basis“ 根据”、“ 基础”, 多用于比喻义中。
His report rests on a firm factual basis.
他的报告有坚实的事实根据。
We are willing to establish trade relations with all countries, on a
basis of equality and mutual benefit.
我们愿意和一切国家在平等互惠的基础上进行贸易。
foundation 的意义更具体, 普通指大建筑物等的“ 地下基础”, 也可引申作“根据”讲。
The workers are laying the foundations of the guest house.
工人们正在打宾馆的地基。
The rumour is without founda tion in fact. 这谣传毫无事实根据。
7.As a matter of fact, milk always meets in the stomach a digestive
juice which curdles it.
事实上, 牛奶在胃里总是要遇到消化液使其变成凝乳状。
1 )谓动动词meets 与宾语a digestive juice 分隔开, 是因为作定语的介词短语提前, 这样使定语从句能紧接在其先行词juice 之后。
2 )as a matter of fact 事实上, 其实
As a ma tter of fa ct, I know nothing about it.
事实上我对此事一无所知。
8.A similar wrong idea is that fish and ice cream when eaten at the
same meal form a poisonous combination. 类似的错误观点还有:
鱼和冰淇淋同餐食用会形成一种有毒的化合物。
1 )when eaten at the same meal 是个省略句, 省略了they are。在有些表示时间、地点、条件、方式或让步等的从句中, 如果谓语动词包含有动词be, 主语又和主句的主语一致, 从句中的主语和谓语的部分(特别是be)常可以省略。
Look out for cars when crossing the street. 过街时注意车辆。
Though reduced in numbers, they gained in fighting capacity.
虽然他们人数减少了, 战斗力却加强了。
She hurriedly left the room as though angry.
她急匆匆地走出房间, 好像心里很生气。
2 )辨异: form, shape, n. & vt.
在许多场合, 这两个词可以通用。一般说form 较常见。
form 作为名词, 主要含义是“ 形式”, 指比较抽象的形式, 也指物质的形状。
Ice, snow and steam are different forms of water.
冰、雪和蒸汽都是水的不同形式。
Atoms make up the simplest form of matter called element.
原子构成称之为元素的物质的最基本的形式。
作动词用时, 一般相当于“ 形成”。
Water forms ice when it freezes. 水冻了就结成冰。
I haven’t formed any idea about your question.
关于你的问题, 我还没有想出什么好主意。