长大后, 我们得扔掉旧衣服。
Wherever she is she never discards her old friends.
无论在哪里, 她永远不会抛弃老朋友。
2 )divide up 分类；分配
The prize money will be divided up among the three winners.
他们三位赢家将分得那笔奖金。
3 )according to 按照, 根据
From each according to his ability, to each according to his work.
各尽所能, 按劳分配。
According to George, what is told by them is true.
据乔治讲, 他们所说是真的。
4 )名词sense 在这里的意思是“ 意义；意味”。句型There is no (some)sense in doing.相当于It doesn’t make (it makes some)sense to do., 意思是“ 做.. 是没有(有一些)道理的(意义的)”。
I’m using“ man ”in its broadest sense, including both men and women. 我说的“ 人”是从它的最广意义上讲的, 其中包括男人和女人。
The different senses of a word in this dictionary are marked by the numbers. 在这本词典中这个词的不同意思是用数字标明的。
There is some sense in explaining the matter directly to them.
向他们直接解释那事是有些道理的。
It makes no sense to speak like that. 那样讲话毫无意义。
8.The writing of a dictionary, therefore, is not a task of setting up authoritative statements about the“ true meanings”of words, but a task of recording, to the best of one’s ability, what various words have meant to authors in the distant or immediate past. 因此, 词典
的编写不是规定词的“ 真正意思”的权威性, 而是尽编者之所能记录古代和近代的作者对词汇的意义的表达。
1 )set up 建立；提出
A committee is set up to look into unemployment.
安排委员会调查失业情况。
They have set up a fund to take care of the poor.
他们设立了一笔基金用以照顾穷人。
2 )to the best of one’s ability 尽(某人的)最大努力
They tried to please him to the best of their abilities.
他们竭尽所能讨好他。
I will carry through the experiment to the best of my ability.
我将尽力完成试验。
3 )动词mean 在这里的意思是“ 意味着”。它接动词不定式表示“目的, 打算”。
What do you mean by saying that？你那样说是何意思？
He didn’t mean to hurt you. 他不是有意要伤你。
9.In choosing our words when we speak or write, we can be guided by the historical record provided us by the dictionary, but we cannot be bound by it. 当我们说话或写作选词时, 我们可以用词典给我们提供的历史记载为指导, 但决不受其束缚。
1 )provided us 在这里作定语, 修饰historical record, 相当于that is
provided us。provide 在这里的意思是“ 提供”, 其后接介词with 或for。试比较:
They provide food and clothes for their family.
他们为家人提供衣食。
They provide their family with food and clothes.
他们以衣食供应其家里人。
We provide our children with a good education.
我们为孩子提供良好的教育。
2 )be (feel)bound by 受..束缚
I am bound by my promise. 我应遵守诺言。
Business kept him bound to the city. 事物把他束缚在城里。
The young scientist felt bound by a lot of useless and confusing rules.
这位青年科学家感到有许多无用而又引进思想混乱的法则束缚他的手脚。
3 )辨异: choose, select, elect, v. 这三个词都近于汉语的“ 选择”。
choose 在这三个词中用途最广, 指一般的“ 选择”, 有时特指“ 抉择”, 侧重意志或判断。例如:
We must choose cadres who are politically reliable.
我们一定要挑选政治上可靠的干部。
I leave it to you to choose between the two methods.
我任你在这两种方法之间作出抉择。
select 侧重在广泛的范围中进行有斟酌的“ 精选”。“ 淘汰”的意味比choose 更重。
It is difficult to select from his voluminous works short passages that
are really representative. 在他的卷帙浩瀚的着作中, 要选出真正有代表性的片断相当困难。
Do you have a copy of the third volume of Chairman Mao..s Selected Works？你有《毛泽东选集》第三卷吗？
elect 现在最普通的意义是通过正式手续的“ 选举”。这个词的后面接人及所任的职位。
We elected him chairman. 我们选他当主席。
在上例中如果换用chose 或selected, 则只有“ 选择”的意义, 不见得是正式选举, 此外, 还需在chairman 前加介词as。
Te xt B
Reading Provides Necessar y Survival Skills
阅读是必要的生存技能
Study of the Text
1.With the coming of the television age and the increasing emphasis on pictures and sound in all quarters of our society, many people would have us believe that we are moving rapidly away from reading as a necessary life skill. 随着电视时代的到来及我们社会的各个方面日益强调图像和声音, 许多人想让我们相信我们正在迅速地摆脱阅读这一必要的生存技能。
1 )emphasis 是个名词, 在这里意思是“ 强调, 重要性”。
Our English course places (lays, puts)great emphasis on conversational
skills. 我们英语课非常重视会话技能。
A new economic policy, with great empha sis on reducing inflation,
is going to be carried out. 一项新的, 着重降低通货膨胀的政策即将实施。
2 )名词quarters 在这里是“ 方位；方向；方面”的意思。
Help is arriving from all quarters. 四面八方都有人来帮忙。
This decision is seen in some quarters as a change of policy.
有人认为这个决定是政策的转变。
3 )have 在这里是及物动词, 意思是“ 使, 让”。动词短语have sb.
do sth. 意思是“ 使(或让)某人做某事”。
Our English teacher ha s us write a composition every week.
我们的英语老师让我们每周写一篇作文。
I’ll ha ve him do it. 我会让他做的。
4 )介词from 在这里表示“ 离开, 迁移”。
He went away from home. 他离家出走了。
She rose from the chair.她从椅子上站起来。
2.But this is not the case at all. 但情况并非如此。
1 )this 指代前面一句话。
2 )be the case: be true
He thought he found the right answer, but that was not the case.
他以为他找到了正确答案, 但情况并非如此。
3 )not.at all 一点也不
I know nothing about it at a ll. 我毫不知晓此事。
3.You can get a good idea about the material by taking a few moments
right off to read the title, chapter headings, section titles
and headlines.
1 )idea 在这里作名词, 意思是“ 主意；意见”。构成动词短语get
(have)idea of (about)sb. (sth. )意为“ 知道；了解”。
You can get (have)a general idea of (about)the text by scanning it.
浏览一遍你就会对课文有个大致的了解。
I have no idea (of)where he is. 我不知他在哪儿。
2 )take off 有(一段时间)的休息或休假；不去工作
I’ll take Thursday off because I am moving house.
因为搬家, 我星期四休假。
He took two hours’ off to meet his sister at the station.
他抽出两小时去车站接他妹妹。
3 )辨异: idea, thought n.
idea 在日常用语中泛指“ 念头”,“ 想法”, 应用范围很广。此外它还可以在庄重的术语中表示“观念”、“ 思想”。
I haven’t the slightest idea what he meant.
我完全不明白他的意思。
That work, properly speaking, falls outside the scope of a literary history, but is of considerable interest to the historian of ideas. 那本书, 严格地讲, 不属于文学史的范围；但对于研究思想史的人却具有一定意义。
thought 首先指“ 思想活动”, 其次指“ 思想”, 比idea 具有更大的全面系统性。
This philosopher often confines himself to abstract thought.
这个哲学家往往在抽象思维里兜圈子。
The editorial today is full of profound thoughts.
今天的社论充满了深刻的思想。
4.The purpose of scanning is to get a quick understanding of what to expect from the reading, so that you will know what you are reading as you go along. 浏览的目的就是迅速了解从阅读中将获得什么信息, 以便你了解你要读的是什么材料。
1 )so that 在这里引导目的状语从句；what to expect from the reading
起一个名词的作用, 意为“ 从阅读中获得什么(东西)”。
2 )名词purpose 在这里的意思是“ 目的”。for the purpose of 意为“为了..目的”；on purpose 则指“ 故意的, 特意的”。
Did you come to London to see your family or for business purpose？
你来伦敦是看望你的家人呢, 还是做生意？
“I ’m sorry I stepped on your toe；It was an accident. ”“ It wasn’t! You did it on purpose. ”“对不起, 我踩着了你的脚趾；这是个意
外。”“ 这不是意外, 你是故意的。”
I came here on purpose to see you. 我特意来此看你。
3 )go along 向前进展
We’ll learn as we go along. 我们将一面干一面学。
You will find the work easier as you go along.
在进展过程中, 你会发现这工作做起来不难。
5.Your mind will keep up with your reading speed if you ask it to.
你的思路与阅读速度保持同步, 如果你要求这样做的话。
1 )这句话最后一词to 在这里作不定式的代用词, 后省略了keep up with your reading speed。it 指代前面的your mind。