书城外语英语PARTY——橄榄之国·西班牙
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第1章 The Kingdom of Spain(1)

橄榄之国——西班牙

西班牙是世界三大旅游国之一,每年接待超过4500万的外国游客。

斗牛和弗拉明戈舞蹈是西班牙的两大国粹。前者是一种人与动物之间的竞技表演,以生命为赌注,充满着戏剧性。后者更象征着一种极抽象的艺术,舞蹈者配合着狂烈的音乐,每一个举手投足,都强烈地把一种近乎原始人性的感情,毫无保留地表达了出来,其间叫喊声此起彼伏,很容易使观众和舞者交融成一体。

在这里您不仅可以享受阳光,美食和热情的服务,更能充分体验生活的乐趣。如果您喜欢探访名胜古迹,西班牙将是最理想的去处,遍布全国的文化遗产和多元化文明的印记总能让人流连忘返。当您沉醉于宜人美景的同时,还可以体验当地人一起分享节日的喜庆,感受丰厚的传统底蕴。

西班牙拥有十分优越的旅游资源,其大部分国土气候温和,山清水秀,阳光明媚,风景绮丽。在3000多公里蜿蜒曲折的海岸线上,遍布着许多天然的海滨浴场,其中有闻名遐迩的三大海滨旅游区。位于西班牙南部的绵延百余公里的“金色海岸”是各国日光浴爱好者无限仰慕的旅游胜地;而以“幸福岛”闻名的加那利群岛,不仅以其壮丽的火山景观吸引了无数个慕名而来的游人,更由于其热带风光,终年阳光明媚,令游人向往,以“地中海浴池”而誉满全球的巴利阿里群岛的水光山色、海天辉映更是令人流连忘返。

西班牙拥有许多王宫、教堂和城堡。其中,有10多个古迹被联合国教科文组织列为重点保护的文化遗产。例如圣地亚哥市的圣马丁·皮纳里奥大教堂。马德里附近的耶斯科略修道院、阿维拉的古城墙、塞哥维亚古老的水道桥、科尔多瓦的大清真寺、格拉纳达的阿尔罕布拉宫、巴塞罗那的格尔公园和艺术家朱拉之家等,这些都是代表西班牙古文明的遗产。

在西班牙还有许多古老的、独特的民族的文化传统和别具一格的民族文化娱乐活动,其中包括闻名于世的西班牙斗牛、热情奔放的西班牙舞蹈,以及各种各样的风俗习惯、民族节日(如马德里的鸽子节、加泰罗尼亚地区的马约尔节、巴伦西亚的法雅节、潘普洛纳城的关牛节等),都能使来自异国他乡的客人们感受到西班牙那特有的情趣。

去西班牙旅游可以按着巴利阿里群岛旅游区、东南旅游区、东北旅游区、中西部旅游区和西北旅游区五个区的方向观光游览。

橄榄

西班牙还以“橄榄王国”的称号而闻名遐迩。西班牙种植橄榄树已有两千年的历史。据载,远在公元前七世纪的时候,希腊的橄榄树就在西班牙生根落户并结出了累累果实。这种橄榄树为油橄榄型,属木本油料植物,生命力极为旺盛,可以结果数百年而不衰,而且适应力很强,山坡、沟旁、公路和铁路两侧以及房前屋后都可种植。它又是耐寒喜暖的“四季常青”植物,像松柏一样,为人们喜爱和赞赏。因此,两千多年以来,西班牙人民十分重视种植橄榄树,并从中得到很大的益处。西班牙生产的橄榄油,除了满足本国的需要以外,还可以大量出口。橄榄油成了西班牙的重要出口商品之一,每年都为国家赚取了不少外汇,西班牙也因此成了世界上着名的“橄榄王国”。在西班牙,人们到处可以看到橄榄树林,尤其是在南部安达卢西亚地区,那里的橄榄树种植面积更多更广更密。橄榄树上挂满了绿油油的橄榄果,呈现出一派独特的风光。

西班牙之旅是如此丰富多彩,任何人都将对她留下难以忘怀的记忆。因此,西班牙被誉为世界上最令人神往的国度。这里宜人的气候,美丽的风光以及鲜明的文化特点形成了一种别具异国情调的生活方式,以至绝大多数来访过的游客都不禁产生了想再次到西班牙旅游的愿望。

The Kingdomkingdom n.王国, [宗]天国, 上帝的统治, 领域 of Spain or Spain is a country located in the southwest of Europe. It shares the Iberian Peninsula with Portugal, Gibraltar and Andorra. To the northeast, along the PyreneesPyrenees 比利牛斯山脉[欧洲西南部] mountain range, it borders France and the tiny principality of Andorra. It is adjacent to the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea, the Canary Islands in the Atlantic Ocean, the cities of Ceuta and Melilla in north Africa, and a number of uninhabiteduninhabited adj.无人居住的,杳无人迹的 islands on the MediterraneanMediterranean n.地中海(=Mediterranean sea, 位于欧, 亚, 非三大洲之间), 地中海沿岸的居民 adj.地中海的, 地中海民族的 side of the strait of Gibraltar, known as Plazas de soberanía, such as the Chafarine islands, the “rocks” of Vélez and Alhucemas, and the tiny Parsley Island (disputed). Due to the Spanish colonisation of the Americas, the Spanish language remains widely spoken outside of the country, and is the official language of nearly all Central and South American countries.

Mainland Spain is dominated by high plateausplateau n.高地, 高原(上升后的)稳定水平(或时期、状态) and mountain ranges such as the Pyrenees or the Sierra Nevada. Running from these heights are several major rivers such as the Tajo, the EbroEbro n.埃布罗河(位于西班牙北部), the Duero, the Guadiana and the Guadalquivir. Alluvial plains are found along the coast, the largest of which is that of the Guadalquivir in Andalusia, in the east there are alluvialalluvial adj.冲积的, 淤积的 plains with medium rivers like Segura, Júcar and Turia. Spain is bound to the east by Mediterranean Sea (containing the Balearic Islands), to the north by the Bay of Biscay and to its west by the Atlantic Ocean, where the Canary Islands off the African coast are found.

Economy

Spain,s mixed capitalist economycapitalist economy 资本主义经济 supports a GDP that on a per capita basis is 87% that of the four leading West European economies. The centreright government of former Prime Minister Aznar successfully worked to gain admissionadmission n.允许进入, 承认某事之陈述, 供认 to the first group of countries launching the European single currency, the euro, on 1 January 1999. The Aznar administration continued to advocateadvocate n.提倡者, 鼓吹者 vt.提倡, 鼓吹 liberalizationliberalization n.自由主义化, 使宽大, privatization, and deregulation of the economy and introduced some tax reforms to that end. Unemployment fell steadily under the Aznar administration but remains high at 9.8% as of August 2005. Growth of 2.4% in 2003 was satisfactory given the background of a falteringfaltering adj.犹豫的, 支吾的, 蹒跚的 European economy. The Prime Minister Rodríguez Zapatero, whose party won the election three days after the Madrid train bombings in March 2004, plans to reduce government intervention in business, combat tax fraud, and support innovationinnovation n.改革, 创新, research and development, but also intends to reintroducereintroduce vt.再引入, 再提出 labour market regulations that had been scrapped by the Aznar government. Adjusting to the monetary and other economic policies of an integrated Europe - and reducing unemployment - will pose challenges to Spain over the next few years. According to World Bank GDP figuresfrom 2004, Spain has the 8th largest economy in the world.