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第7章 Cyber-net Knowledge网络知识

configuration 配置

You should focus on the most important configuration of a computer.

你应该把注意力集中在计算机最重要的配置上。

Don t be confused by all kinds of computer configuration packages from vendors.

别让各电脑厂商提供的各种一揽子配置搞得一团雾水。

You better pay extra attention to the most influential component of the computer system configuration.

你最好多关注计算机系统配置中影响力最大的部件。

We have covered quite a few of computer hardware configuration issues.

我们已经谈了不少计算机硬件配置问题。

consist 由……组成

A computer consists of three main parts:a keyboard,a monitor,and the computer unit.

计算机主要由三部分组成:键盘、显示器和主机。

CPU 中央处理器

The central processing unit—CPU is the brain of the computer.

中央处理器——CPU是计算机的大脑。

Computer performance highly depends on the performance of its CPU.

计算机的性能在很大程度上取决于CPU的性能。

The performance of a CPU is mainly determined by two factors.

CPU的性能主要取决于两个因素。

When a CPU needs data and instructions to operate,it checks the buffer first.

当CPU需要数据及指令进行工作时,它首先在缓存器中查找。

A CPU is designed to make use of the idle space of a hard disk.

CPU是被设计用来使用电脑硬盘的闲置部分的。

The design of the CPU affects the processing power and the speed of the computer.

CPU的设计会影响到计算机的处理能力和速度。

With a well designed CPU in your computer,you can perform highly sophisticated tasks in a very short time.

如果计算机有一个设计优良的CPU,那么你就能在极短的时间内,执行高度复杂的任务。

CPU is the abbreviation of Central Processing Unit.

CPU是“中央处理器”的英文缩写。

RAM 随机存取存储器(内存)

Computers contain a certain amount of short term memory,called random access memory,or RAM.

计算机包括一些短期存储器,被称为同存取存储器或叫作RAM。

As soon as you turn the computer off,the contents of RAM disappear.

只要你关掉计算机,RAM中的内容就会消失。

A RAM stands for Random Access Memory.

内存即随机存取存储器。

The instructions that your computer gets and the information your computer processes remain in RAM during your work sessions.

计算机工作期间,其所得到的指令和所处理的信息都保存在随机存储器中。

Software requires the correct amount of RAM to work properly.

软件需要有适当的内存空间来正常工作。 ROM 高速缓冲存储器

The permanently useful data is stored in the ROM of a computer when the computer is manufactured.

永久性可用数据在生产计算机时就已经存储在ROM里了。

Computer users can program data into the ROM according to their specific needs.

计算机用户可根据其特殊需求将数据编程并输入ROM。

When we power a computer up,the instructions stored in the ROM BIOS of the computer will be activated.

我们一启动计算机就能激活存储在ROM BIOS里的各种指令。

hard disk 硬盘

Disks for computers come in two main types,floppy disk and hard disk.

计算机所有磁盘主要有两类,软盘和硬盘。

A hard disk is usually fixed inside the computer.

硬盘一般固定在主机内部。

virtual memory 虚拟存储器

The virtual memory is the idle part of a hard disk that is used as the extension of a RAM.

虚拟存储器是用作内存扩展的硬盘的闲置部分。

The virtual memory makes it possible that a smaller RAM is capable of running larger programs.

有了虚拟存储器,较小的内存也能运行大程序。

output device 输出设备

The monitor is the computer s main output device.

显示器是计算机的主要输出设备。

The printer is also a type of output device.

打印机也是一种输出设备。

The computer output device can be further divided into softcopy output devices and hardcopy output ones.

计算机输出设备可进一步划分为软拷贝输出设备和硬拷贝输出设备。

We call the output device that looks like a TV and is connected to a computer the monitor.

我们称看上去像电视并与计算机连在一起的输出设备为显示器。

input device 输入设备

The keyboard is the computer s main input device.

键盘是计算机的主要输入设备。

The mouse is also a type of input device.

鼠标也是一种输入设备。

Digital cameras,digital video camcorders,and voice recognition devices belong to import devices.

数码相机、数码摄像机及语音识别设备都属于输入设备。

LCD 液晶显示器

TFT technology based LCDs are getting more and more popular.

基于TFT技术的液晶显示器越来越火。

The space sensitive styles and lightweights of LCDs make them easy to move.

液晶显示器体积小、重量轻,便于移动。

Although a LCD needs big bucks,I ll definitely buy one since it is less harmful.

尽管液晶显示器贵,但我还是一定要买,因为它危害小。

Why don t you buy a high configuration LCD to make it a one shot move?

你为什么不买一个高配置的液晶显示器来个一步到位?

A:I often run into the word“configuration”of a computer.Can you tell me what are they?

我经常碰到计算机“配置”这个词儿。你能告诉我它们是什么吗?

B:They are the CPU,the memory,the input/output devices,and the storage devices.

它们是中央处理器、存储器、输入/输出设备及存储设备。

A:How about we shoot them one by one again,kicking off with the CPU first?

我们从中央处理器起再逐个过一遍怎么样?

B:No problem!A CPU is the heart or the brain of a computer.The performance of a computer highly depends on the performance of its CPU.

没问题!中央处理器是计算机的心脏或大脑。计算机的性能很大程度上取决于其中中央处理器的性能。

A:I can tell.Can you tell me what a CPU includes,please?

明白。请问中央处理器都包括什么呢?

B:A CPU includes two parts—the ALU and the control unit or the controller.We just discussed them a moment ago,so I don t think we need to go over them yet.

一片中央处理器包括两部分:算术逻辑单元及控制单元或控制器。我们刚刚讨论过它们,所以我想我们还没有必要复习。

A:You just took the words from my mouth.

我也正想这么说呢。

B:What I am going to stress here is how to assess the performance of a CPU.

在这儿我想强调的是如何评估中央处理器的性能。

A:Go ahead.I am listening.

说吧,我洗耳恭听。

B:Well,the number of operations executed within one second by a CPU is a major index.

中央处理器在一秒钟内所执行运算的次数是主要指标。

A:So if it sends out 1,000,000 pulses in one second,is the frequency of the system clock 1MHz?

这么说如果时钟在一秒钟内发出一百万个脉冲信号,那么该系统时钟的频率就为1MHz吗?

B:Dead right!You are learning,Tom.

一点儿不错!你学问见长啊,汤姆。

A:Haha...You turn me on.

哈哈……是你把我的热情调动起来的。

Software

软件

software 软件

Software is created through the use of programming languages.

软件是用程序设计语言编制出来的。

Software is the collective name for all the programs and instruction that direct a computer s operations.

软件是所有指挥计算机操作的程序和指令的统称。

Software can be two types:system software and application software.

通常软件分为两类:系统软件和应用软件。

software package 软件包

Software acquired to perform a general business function is often referred to as a software package.

用来完成一般事务性功能任务的软件常被称为软件包。

Software package is a computer program or set of programs used in a particular application.

软件包是用于某一具体应用的一个或一组计算机程序。

Software package are usually created by professional software writer.

软件包一般均由专业软件人员编写。

system software 系统软件

Systems software does not solve specific problems relating to a business or profession.

系统软件不解决有关某个工商企业或某个专业的特定问题。

Systems software will tell the computer where to store the data used during processing.

系统软件将告诉计算机在数据处理过程中,所用数据该放在哪儿。

System software monitors and controls the system s hardware.

系统软件负责监视和控制计算机硬件。

Systems software does“Background”work.

系统软件做“后台”工作。

Think of systems software as the kind the computer uses.

把系统软件看成是计算机用的那种软件。

System software enables the applications software to interact with the computer.

系统软件能使应用软件作用于计算机。

The most important Systems software program is the operating system.

最重要的系统软件是操作系统。

application software 应用软件

Application software is a software that is specific to the solution of an application problem.

应用软件是一种专门用于解决某一应用问题的软件。

Application software performs specific tasks for the user.

应用软件为用户完成具体任务。

You can think of applications software as the kind you use.

你可以把应用软件看成是你用的那种软件。

Applications software might be described as“end user”software.

应用软件也被称作“终端用户”软件。

Applications software may be packaged or custom made.

应用软件可被封装成软件包,或针对具体客户的需要而设计。 software suite 套装软件

A software suite is a collection of individual application packages sold together.

套装软件是放在一起卖的一组单个应用软件包。

A software suite is less expensive than buying each individual software package.

套装软件比购买单独软件包更便宜。

One example of software suite is Microsoft Office.

套装软件的一个例子是微软的办公软件Office。

intergrated package 集成软件

An integrated package is an all in one software program.

集成软件是集多种功能在一起的软件程序。

An integrated package is easier for data exchange between applications,and less expensive than software suite.

集成软件更容易在应用程序之间交换数据,并且比套装软件便宜。

One example of intergrated package is Kingsoft WPS 2000.

集成软件的一个例子是金山公司的WPS 2000。

program 程序

Program is a set of actions or instructions that a machine is capable of interpreting and executing.

程序是机器能够解释和执行的一组动作或指令。

The role of a program is to deliver user s intention to a computer and direct it to work.

程序的作用就是向计算机转达用户的意思,指挥其工作。

The role of a program is to deliver user s intention to a computer and direct it to work.

程序的作用就是向计算机转达用户的意图,指挥计算机工作。

A program is a dialogue tool for interacting between a man and a computer,as well as a bridge to transmit information.

程序是人机对话的工具,是人与电脑交流信息的桥梁。

The set of instructions is called a program.

这组指令被称为程序。

programming 程序设计

Software is created through the use of programming languages.

软件是用程序设计语言编制出来的。

In general,the characters,phrases and their syntax rules for programming are generally called“programming language”.

通常,程序设计所使用的符号、短语及其语法规则通称为程序设计语言。

Object oriented programming (OOP) is a new way of approaching the job of programming that differs from traditional programming because it uses objects as data structures to enhance productivity,simplify programming,get reusability and improve software reliability.

与传统的编程方法不同,面向对象的程序设计(OOP)是一种新的编程方法,它把对象作为其数据结构来提高生产率,简化程序设计,获得可复用性和提高软件的可靠性。

All object oriented programming languages have three characteristics in common:objects,polymorphism and inheritance.

所有的面向对象的程序设计语言都具有对象、多态和继承三个共同的特点。

Just as writing a fiction,programming is a process of creating art.

如同写小说一样,程序设计也是一个艺术创造的过程。

operating system 操作系统

The operating system,the collection of programs helps the computer manage its resources.

操作系统是帮助计算机管理它的资源的程序集合。

The operating system takes care of a lot of internal matters.

操作系统要处理大量的内部事情。

Operating system plays a big time role in computer operations.

操作系统对计算机运算起重要作用。

When a computer is switched on,the operating system is automatically loaded into the RAM.

计算机启动后,操作系统自动载入内存。

Operating system facilitates communications between users and computers.

操作系统协调用户与计算机之间的交流。

I hear a couple of operating systems.

我听过好几种操作系统。

I was told that the Unix and Linux operating systems are still hot.

我听说Unix和Linux操作系统还挺火。

It must be a big time operating system.

它一定是重量级的操作系统。

These two operating systems are truly powerful enterprise level computing tools.

这两种操作系统真正是企业级高效运算工具。

The Microsoft Windows operating systems are graphical user interface based operating systems.

微软的Windows操作系统是图形用户界面的操作系统。

A:Can you tell me about software?

你能给我讲讲软件吗?

B:Software refers to the programs,the intangible components,as opposed to hardware,which,as you know,refers to the physical components of the computer.

软件指的是程序,与你所知道的作为计算机组成的硬件正相反,它是计算机的无形组成部分。

A:After the new system is designed,does the user begin to work on the software?

新系统被设计之后,用户就开始制作软件了吗?

B:Yes.For instance,in a large system,such as one in a bank,the next step is to divide the system into smaller program modules.Each module performs a specific task.For instance,there is a module for individual customer accounts,another for corporate accounts,a third for employee payroll accounts,and so on.

是的。例如,在一个大系统中,比如说在银行工作程序里,下一步就是把整个系统分成几个较小的模块。每个模块都执行特定的任务。例如:用于处理个体客户账目的模块,用于处理公司账目的模块,以及用于处理雇员工资账目的模块等等。

A:And each of these modules is assigned to a programmer.Then what happens?

每一模块都被分配给一个程序员负责,他怎样完成这个工作呢?

B:The programmer determines an algorithm,a series of steps to accomplish a given task.Then he or she designs a program flowchart,a diagram of the steps involved,using a template.Finally,from the program flowchart,the program is encoded into program instructions.It s these instructions which the computer uses to execute the program.

首先,每一位程序员要确定一种算法,即一系列完成该任务的步骤。然后,他或她使用模板设计程序流程图,也就是用图表表示出所要做的每一步骤。最后,根据程序流程图,程序员将程序编写为指令序列。计算机正是使用这些指令来执行程序的。

A:Does each module have to be debugged?

每一个模块都必须进行排错吗?

B:Of course.There are countless ways bugs can creep in.For instance,the programmer may make a syntax error in a statement.The compiler,recognizing incorrect syntax,will print a diagnostic message.

当然。错误进入计算机的途径不计其数。例如:程序员在一个语句中可能会犯语法错误。编译程序可以识别出错误语法并打印出诊断信息。

A:Is it the compiler program that translates all the statements into machine language?

正是编译程序把所有语句翻译成机器语言的吧?

B:Yes.This is done in the compilation run.The 0 s and 1 s of the machine language are used by the CPU to execute the program.

是的。这一过程是在编译程序运行时完成的。CPU是用0和1表示的机器语言来执行程序的。

A:How are bugs found in the execution run?

在执行程序时如何发现程序中的错误呢?

B:With prepared test data.When a program is debugged,the test data should produce the expected results.

用准备好的测试数据来检测错误。当一个程序中的错误被排除后,测试数据应该得出预期的结果。

A:I see how it works.When all smaller modules are properly running,they are grouped together,tested as a single module,and debugged.Once the overall program is working properly,then it is ready to go online.

我知道编程是怎样进行的了。当所有小的程序模块正常运行后,把这些小模块组合在一起作为一个整体,再来测试和排错。一旦整体程序正常运行后,这个程序就可以准备联机了。

B:That s right.

对。

A:Are all programs written in this way?

所有程序都是这样编写的吗?

B:No.This is just one approach to programming.Programs are not always broken down into modules.There is one more important step;programs should be documented.Without documentation describing the system,further modification is very difficult.

不是。这只是编程的一种途径。程序也不总是被分为若干个模块。另外,还有一个重要的步骤,就是要对程序进行文档编制。如果没有描述系统的说明文档,以后对程序做进一步修改将是非常困难的。

A:Oh,I see.

哦!我明白了。

How Does the Internet Work

因特网如何工作

host 主机

Each machine is assigned a host number,which is sort of like a phone number.

每个机器都分配有一个主机号码,就好像电话号码一样。

Any computer of any kind,from the smallest to the largest attached to the Internet is called a host.

计算机不论类型,不论大小,只要它与Internet相连就被称作主机。

Internet host numbers are also divided into two parts:the core part and the local part.

主机号也分为两个部分:核心部分和局域部分。

Some networks have more hosts on them than others do.

某些网络拥有更多的主机。

subnet 子网

One network can be divided into pieces called subnets.

一个网络可被分为叫做子网的几个部分。

In network 140.186,for example,the third number in the host number is the subnet number.

例如网络140.186中,主机号中第三个数是子网号。

For machine 140.186.81.1,the subnet number is 140.186.81,and the host number is 1.

计算机140.186.81.1,子网号是140.186.81,主机号是1。

network number 网络编号

Frequently,an organization that has a single network number expect to set up its computers internally on multiple networks.

通常,只有一个网络编号的机构希望将其计算机对内设在多个网络上。

An outfit with 25internal networks would have to get 25different network numbers for them.

有25个网络的单位必须有25个不同的网络编号。

zone 区

A.The right most part of a host name is called its zone,such as the following table.

ZoneMeaningcomCommercial organizationseduEducational institutionsgovGovernment bodies and departmentsintInternational organizationsmilMilitary sitesnetNetworking organizationsorgAnything else that doesn t fit elsewhere, such as professional societies.

A.主机名称的最右边部分是区,如下表:区含义com商业机构edu教育机构gov政府及其各部门int国际组织mil军事网站net组网机构org其他,如专业团体。

B.Two letter zone names are organized geographically, each zone corresponds to a country or other political entity.

ZoneCountryAUAustraliaBEBelgium (Kingdom of)CACanadaCZCzech RepublicGEGermany (Federal Republic of)DKDenmark(Kingdom of)FIFinland(Republic of)FRFrance(French Republic)INIndia(Republic of)IEIrelandILIsrael(State of)ITItaly(Italian Republic)JPJapanNLNetherlands(Kingdom of the)NONorway(Kingdom of)RURussian FederationESSpain(Kingdom of)SESweden(Kingdom of)CHSwitzerland(Swiss Confederation)UKUnited Kingdom(official code is GB)USUnited States(United States of America)

C.两个字母的区名是按地理位置排列的,每个区对应一个国家或其他政治团体。区国家AU澳大利亚(共和国)BE比利时(王国)CA加拿大CZ捷克(共和国)GE德国(联邦)DK丹麦(王国)FI芬兰(共和国)FR法国(法兰西共和国)IN印度(共和国)IE爱尔兰IL以色列IT意大利(共和国)JP日本NL荷兰(王国)NO挪威(王国)RU俄罗斯联邦ES西班牙(王国)SE瑞典(王国)CH瑞士(联盟)UK英国[官方代码是(GB)]US美国 domain 域名。

The top level domain will be the most general specification.

最高级域名是最概括的说明。

In general,there are two types of top level domains:the old style organizational domain and the newer geographical domains.

一般来说,有两种类型的最高级域名:较老式的机构性域名和较新式的地理位置域名。

The idea was that the top level domain would show the type of organization that was responsible for the computer.

过去,在概念上是为了说明,最高级域名应该能表示出负责计算机的部门机构的类型。

To meet this need,a new system of geographical domains was developed.

为了满足这一需要,一种地区性域名的新体系被提了出来。

There are many such top level domains—one for every country on the Internet.

有很多这样的最高级域名,每个域名在因特网上代表一个国家、地区。

Some countries use a sub domain,just to the left of top level domain,to express categories.

有一些国家在紧邻最高级域名的左边,采用一个子域名来表示分类。

The part of the address after the @ character is called the domain.

在字符@后面的网址部分叫作域名。

sub domain 子域名

Sub domains are separated by periods.

子域名之间用句点“.”隔开。

The way to understand a domain name is to look at the sub domains from right to left.

对域名的理解方法是:自右而左查看每个子域名。

The next sub domain,ucsb,tells us the name of this institution.

其次的子域名ucsb告诉我们的是这个机关的名称。

Finally,the leftmost sub domain is the name of a specific computer named guardboat.

末尾,最左边的子域名是某个特定的计算机的名字guardboat。

IP(Internet Protocol) 网络协议

Internet protocol(IP)is a set of protocols that allows data to be transmitted correctly from one machine to another over the Internet.

网络协议是一整套协议,可使得因特网上各主机之间进行数据的正确传送。

IP is the common name for a collection of over 100 protocols that are used to connect computers and networks.

IP是一批(有一百多个)协议的公用名,这些协议是用来把各计算机和各网络联结起来的。

The actual name“TCP/IP”come from the two most important protocols:TCP and IP.

TCP/IP,这个现行名字来自两个重要协议:TCP和IP。

transmit 传送

Within the Internet,information is not transmitted as a constant stream from host to host.

在因特网内部,信息从主机到主机的传送并不是连续不断的。

As packets travel,they are transmitted from host to host until they reach their ultimate destination.

在传递信息包时,它们是从一个主机传送到另一个主机,直到达到它们的最终目标。

When something goes wrong,only a single packet may need to be retransmitted,rather than the entire message.

当出现某种错误时,只需要单个信息包进行再传送,而不是整个信息。

In fact,the Internet runs so well that it may take only a few seconds to transmit a file from one host to another.

事实上,Internet运行得如此之好,使得文件从一台主机传送到另一台主机只需要几秒钟。

(Internet)Address (因特网)地址

Give a specific domain name that is used as a part of the Internet address.

给予一个特有的域名,用来表明是因特网网址的一个组成部分。

If a computer user asks for your“address”,he or she wants your Internet address.

如果某个计算机用户询问你的地址,他(或她)想要的是你在因特网上的网址。

All Internet addresses follow the standard format:userid@domain.

所有因特网地址都遵循下述标准格式:userid@domain。

Some Internet address have only sub domains (the minimum).

某些因特网地址只有两个子域名(最少的)。

userID 用户标识符

You know that each person has a user name called a userID.

大家都知道,使用计算机的每个人都有一个用户名,叫做用户标识符。

It is this userID that we use as the first part of someone s address.

正是这个用户标识符,我们把它作为某个人网址的第一部分。

If you have a Unix system,your userID will be the name that you use to login.

如果你使用的是一个Unix系统,你的用户标识符就是你登记上网用的名字。

A userID by itself is not necessarily unique.

一个用户标识符本身并不必然是唯一的。

What must be unique is the combination of userID and domain.

用户标识符与域名加在一起的组合应该是唯一的。

IP address IP地址

An IP address looks like the domain addresses that we have already discussed.

一个IP地址看起来有点像我们曾讨论过的域名地址。

However,the parts of an IP address do not correspond directly to sub domain names.

但IP地址的各个部分与子域名并不一一对应。

You can use IP address anywhere you would use a regular address.

无论在何时,当你要用一个常规地址时,你都可以用IP地址。

Only real Internet hosts have IP addresses.

只有实际的因特网主机有IP地址。

If host displays an IP address,the computer you specified is on the Internet.

如果主机显示一个IP地址,那么你所指定的计算机就在因特网上。

gateway 网间连接装置/网关

In general,the term gateway refers to a link between two different systems.

一般讲,网间连接装置(gateway)指的是两个不同的系统间的一种链接(link)。

When a message arrives,the gateway can check the list.

当某个信息到达时,则网间连接装置就会核对一览表。

A gateway splices together two different kinds of protocols.

网关可拼接两种不同的协议。

Bridge 网桥

A bridge connects two networks in a way that makes them appear to be a larger network.

网桥能将两个网络连接,变成一个更大的网络。

The bridge looks at all the packets flying by one each of the networks.

网桥监视在每个网络上传的所有数据包。

The disadvantages of bridges are that they can connect only two networks of the same type.

网桥的缺点是它只能连接两个同类型的网络。

router 路由器

A router connects two or more IP(that s the Internet Protocol)

路由器可连接两个或更多IP(即Internet Protocol)网络。

A good thing about routers is that they can attach physically different networks.

路由器的优点之一是它能物理连接不同网络。

A bad thing about routers is that they move packets slower than bridges do.

路由器的缺点是传递包的速度不及网桥。

A:How do people get Internet connections then?

人们怎么上互联网呢?

B:There are a couple of ways to connect to the Internet such as by modem or ISDN,or by T1or T3connections.

有好几种上网方法,比如用调制解调器或ISDN,或者用T1或T3上网。

A:What is the main difference between them?

这些方法的主要区别是什么?

B:The primary difference is the connection speed.The speeds for modem,ISDN,T1,and T3are 56K,128K,1.54M,and 45M respectively.

主要区别在上网速度上。调制解调器、ISDN、T1及T3的上网速度分别是56K、128K、1.54M及45M。

A:Wow,the gaps are huge.

哇,差得真不少。

B:They sure are.The gaps for the monthly leasing fees for these connections are huge,too!

那是。它们的月租费差得也不少。

A:How does a home Internet user like me connect to the Internet?

那像我这样的家庭用户怎么上网啊?

B:For hardware,you ll need a modem or an ADSL adapter.For software you ll need a PPP(Point to Point Protocol driver).This software allows the TCP/IP(Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol)to work with your modem or ADSL adapter.

硬件方面你得需要一块调制解调器或一块ADSL适配器。软件方面你得需要PPP(点对点协议驱动程序)。这套软件能让TCP/IP(传输控制协议/互联网协议)与你的调制解调器或ADSL适配器协同运行。

A:Say no more,here comes another buzzword.What s a protocol?

先别往下说,这儿又出了个新词儿,什么是协议啊?

B:Well,briefly speaking,a protocol is a set of regulations defined for network data transmission.

怎么说呢,简单说来,协议就是为网络数据传输定义的一套规则。

A:I see.

我懂了。

World Wide Web

万维网

Web 网络

The word“Web”is overwhelmingly popular today.

“Web”这个词儿如今火得厉害。

Could you talk a bit more about the Web?

你能不能更多地谈谈Web?

locating and retrieving 查找和检索

The World Wide Web is a hypertext based system for locating and retrieving Internet resources.

万维网是一个查找和检索互联网资源的超级文本型系统。

consist of 由……组成

What does the World Wide Web consist of?

万维网里都有什么啊?

It consist of a set of standards,programs,and protocols manipulating the way through which multimedia files are created and displayed on the Internet.

有一组用于管理多媒体文件的建立和在互联网显示方式的标准、程序及数据传输协议。

access to Internet resource

访问网站

So the World Wide Web s primary function is providing access to Internet resources,right?

万维网的主要功能是提供互联网资源的访问服务,对吗?

The WWW is able to offer various forms to access to Internet resources from the same interface.

万维网可通过同一界面提供多种互联网资源的访问形式。

access information 访问信息

The WWW is widely used to access the information available on the Internet.

万维网在访问互联网信息方面的应用很广。

What kind of information is most accessed?

用户访问最多的是哪种信息啊?

share information 共享资源

With the WWW,people can share informations at the same time,even if they are located at opposite ends of the world.

有了互联网,即使在世界两头的人也可以同时共享信息。

The WWW is a distributed multimedia and hypertext system,and therefore a unique medium for people to communicate and share information.

万维网是一个多媒体和超级文本系统,因此它是人们交流和共享信息的独特媒介。

Web browser Web 浏览器

We need to launch the Web browser first to find what we want on the Internet.

我们得先启动Web浏览器才能找到我们想在互联网上找到的东西。

The Web browser is used to display the information stored on the Web site.

Web浏览器用来显示存储在Web网站上的信息。

The Web browser is the client in this case.

在这种情况下,Web浏览器就是客户。

The Web browser is the only component that is able to read the HTML.

万维网里只有Web浏览器能读HTML文件。

The Web browser just care about how to present documents to the users requiring them.

Web浏览器只关心如何把文件显示在访问文件的用户前。

We can describe Web browser as the programs for displaying HTML code.

我们可以把Web浏览器描述为显示HTML代码的程序。

The Web browser are used not only for“browsing”the WWW,but also for Gopher,FTP,Usenet,and e-mail.

Web浏览器不光用于“浏览”万维网,还可以浏览Gopher、FTP、Usenet和电子邮件。

A:I am wondering how Web browser communicate with Web servers over the Internet.Can you tell me?

我搞不懂Web浏览器是怎么和网站服务器在互联网上通信的。你能告诉我吗?

B:All web servers and browsers follow the Hypertext Transfer Protocol,or HTTP for short.It allows the Web browser to pull up hypermedia documents written in the HTML and stored on the Web servers.

所有网站服务器和Web浏览器都服从超级文本传输协议(简称HTTP)。Web浏览器通过HTTP提取用HTML写成的存放在网站服务器上的超媒体文件。

A:Can you give me an example?

你能给我举个例子吗?

B:Sure.Say you want to access a hypermedia document on a Web site;your Web browser will use the HTTP to send a network request for the document to the Web server where the document is stored.

可以。比如你想访问某网站的一个超媒体文件,你的Web浏览器会用HTTP给存储这个文件的网站服务器就该文件发送一个网络请求。

A:Then the Web server will respond.

那网站服务器一定有回应。

B:Yup.The accessed Web server then responds to your browser s request and send the requested document to your browser by following the HTTP.

对。被访问的服务器则回应你的请求,按照HTTP规则把被请求的文件发送到你的浏览器。

A:I see.How does the Web browser find out the Web server then?

明白。那浏览器怎么才能找到网站服务器呢?

B:Good question.The Web browser uses a Uniform Resource Locator or URL to locate Internet resources that are usually stored on the Web servers.In other words,it is the URL that helps the browser locate the Web server.

问得好。浏览器用统一资源定位符(简称URL)找到通常存储在网站服务器上的互联网信息。换句话说,是URL帮助浏览器找到网站服务器的。

A:How can I understand the URL?

URL是怎么回事儿?

B:Well,a URL can be considered as the address of an Internet resource.It specifies the accessing protocols,the name of the Web server where resources reside,and the path to the resource.In most cases,we just enter the protocol and the Web server name.

URL可以理解为互联网资源的地址。它指定了访问协议、存储资源的网站服务器的名称和指向资源的路径。在多数情况下,我们只需输入协议和服务器名称。

A:I can dig you.So no matter how fancy Web pages can be,the access to these pages is same.Can I say that?

我明白你的意思。所以不管网页有多花哨,访问这些网页方法都一样,对吗?

B:Well said.

说得好。

A:Now is the time for us to define the relationship between the Internet and the WWW.

现在该定义互联网和万维网之间的关系了。

B:Yeah,man.Right on time.From our talk,we can tell that the WWW is one of the Internet applications.

对了,正是时候,从我们的讨论中就能知道万维网属于互联网的一个应用。

A:Therefore,WWW is just like e-mail,IRC,FTP,and other Internet applications.

所以说,万维网就和电子邮件、IRC、FTP及其他互联网应用一样。

B:You can say that again.In fact,the WWW is an application platform.It provides a well designed and well equipped interactive graphical interface for Internet users to access the hypermedia information located on the Internet.

就是这么回事儿。其实万维网是一个应用平台,它为因特网用户提供了一个精心设计和精密配置的互动图形界面,用户可以通过这个界面访问互联网上的超媒体信息。

Download and Upload

下载与上传

download 下载

Download is to copy files in Web sites to the netizen s computer.

下载是把网站上的文件复制到上网者的电脑中。

The graphic file will take five minutes to download.

要花5分钟时间下载这个图片文件。

Netants divides a file into several parts to be downloaded at the same time,and that s the reason why ants can move quickly.

把文件分成几部分同时下载,这是“网络蚂蚁”下载速度快的原因。

Downloading files,you can also browse other web sites or do anything else on line.

在下载的同时,您还可以游览其他网站或者进行其他的网上操作。

The“other computer”is called the host and you download from the host.

对方的计算机称为主机,而你是从主机上下载文件的。

Don t download software you know is stolen.This includes anything that you would otherwise have to pay money for at the store.

不要下载你明知是盗版的软件,这包括在其他情况下必须在商店里付钱才能得到的任何软件。

It s too difficult to download things from the Web site.

从网上下载一些东西太难了!

The net speed is very slow.Sometimes it takes several quarters to download a small file.

网速很慢。有时下载一个很小的文件就要几十分钟。

You d better download when the line is not busy.

你最好选择线路不忙的时候下载。

How miraculous!I ll download Netants right away.

这么神奇,我也赶快下载一个“网络蚂蚁”。

There are so many download options available on the Internet and it s a big job to find out what you really need.

互联网上的下载选项太多了,找到你真正需要的东西得费点儿事儿。

You need to get a fixed folder to place download files or you might forget where you put them.

你得找一个固定的文件夹存放下载文件,否则你可能会忘了把它们放在哪儿了。

When a download operation begins,there is a progress bar on your computer to show the current download progress.

下载开始后,你的计算机上会有一个进度指示条显示当前下载进度。

Many computers on the Internet allow you to copy files to your computer.This is called downloading.

因特网上的很多计算机允许你将文件复制到你的计算机上。这称为下载。

That downloading is the other computer sending you a file.

下载过程就是由对方的计算机向你发送文件。

Downloading is not stealing,most online systems exist to give you files.

下载并不是偷窃,因为大多数联机系统本来就是为提供文件而存在的。

Special software is available that scans anything you download for a virus.

你可以买到为下载的软件查找病毒的专用软件。

upload 上传

To save money,you d better finish the web page before uploading to the Internet.

为了节省费用,可先制作好网页后,再上传至网上。

Special software is available that scans anything you upload for a virus.

你可以买到为上传的软件查找病毒的专用软件。

To upload is to send a file to another computer.

上传就是把文件发送给另外一台计算机。

You tell the other computer to prepare itself to receive a file when uploading,then you tell your communications software which file to send.

上传时,由你通知对方计算机准备接收文件,然后再由你告诉你的通信软件要发送哪一个文件。

You can also copy files from your computer to another computer on the Internet.This is called uploading.

你也可以将文件从你的计算机上复制到因特网上的其他计算机中。这称为上传。

File Transfer 文件传输

I know nothing about“File Transfer”.

我对“文件传输”一无所知。

I ll introduce you some basic knowledge about“File Transfer”.

我给你介绍一点儿“文件传输”的基本常识。

After the file has been transferred to your PC, you need to find it and install it.

文件传到你的电脑后,你需要找到它然后安装。

...off line 掉线

Yesterday I almost finished downloading a large file,but it suddenly got off line.

昨天我下载了一个好大的文件,已经快下载完了突然掉线。

The file downloaded still exists after the computer is off line,and when you get online again,you can go on downloading from the breakpoint.

掉线后已下载的内容仍然存在,重新上网后能从断点处继续下载。

switch 交换

IP switch is the next step in high performance networking.

高性能网络发展的下一步是IP交换。

Packet switching networks are highly reliable and efficient,but they are not suited to the delivery of real time voice and video.

分组交换网是可靠和高效的,但不适合传送实时话音和视频图像。

A:It s too difficult to download things from the Web site.

从网上下载一些东西太难了!

B:I have never had this feeling.What s the trouble?

我可没这种感觉,有什么烦恼吗?

A:The net speed is very slow.Sometimes it takes several quarters to download a small file.

网速很慢,有时下载一个很小的文件就要几十分钟。

B:You d better download when the line is not busy.

你最好选择线路不忙的时候下载。

A:Yesterday I almost finished downloading a large file,but it suddenly got off line.Isn t it boring to do it again?

昨天我下载了一个好大的文件,已快下载完了突然掉线,又重来一遍,你说烦不烦?

B:Haven t you got any special download software?They can solve all the problems.

你没有用专用的下载软件吗?这些问题都可以解决的。

A:Is there special download software?Explain to me at once,please.

还有专用下载软件?快给我讲讲。

B:Netants is very popular.Its outstanding feature is that it backs up resuming from breakpoint and multi point connection.

比较流行的有“网络蚂蚁”,它最突出的特点是支持断点续传和多点连接。

A:What s resuming from breakpoint?

什么叫断点续传?

B:The file downloaded still exists after the computer is off line,and when you get online again,you can go on downloading from the breakpoint.

掉线后已下载的内容仍然存在,你重新上网后能从断点处继续下载。

A:What s multi point connection?

那何为多点连接?

B:A file is divided into several parts to download at the same time,and that s the reason why ants can move quickly.

就是指把文件分成几部分同时下载,这也是“网络蚂蚁”速度快的原因。

A:How miraculous!I ll download Netants right away.

这么神奇,我也赶快下载一个“网络蚂蚁”。

Hot Internet Sites;

热点网站;

E commerce;

E commerce Solution:http://www.e partner.com;

World E Commerce Network Inc.:http://www.wecn.com;

Dow Jones &; Company:http://www.dowjones.com;

Nasdaq Stock:http://www.nasdaq.com;

中国工商银行:http://www.icbc.com.cn;

中国银行:http://www.bank of china.com;

和讯网:http://www.homeway.com.cn;

中国易富证券网:http://www.eefoo.com;

招商银行一网通:http://www.cmbchina.com;

中国外经贸:http://www.chinamarket.com.cn;

中国经济信息网:http://www.cei.gov.cn;

中国航运:http://www.shipping.com.cn;

易趣网:http://www.eachnet.com;

当当网上书店:http://www.dangdang.com;

中国企业产品在线:http://www.manufacture.com;

中国旅游资讯网:http://www.chinaholiday.com;

图行天下:http://www.go2map.com;

招聘网:http://www.zhaopin.com;

On line Shopping;

Amazon:http://www.amazon.com;

Best Buy:http://www.bestbuy.com;

Circuit City:http://www.circuitcity.com;

Walmart:http://www.walmart.com;

CompUSA:http://www.compusa.com;

Ebay:http://www.ebay.com;

IT 168:http://www.it168.com;

新浪商城:http://mall.sina.com.cn;

263商城:http://www.263mall.com;

Free e-mails;

Yahoo!Mail:http://mail.yahoo.com;

MSN Hotmail:http://www.hotmail.com;

搜狐闪电邮件:http://mail.sohu.com;

网易免费邮箱:http://www.163.com;

新浪免费邮箱:http://mail.sina.com.cn;

雅虎中文免费邮箱:http://cn.mail.yahoo.com;

Computer Systems;

IBM:http://www.ibm.com;

Compaq:http://www.compaq.com;

Dell:http://www.dell.com;

Hewlett Packard:http://www.hp.com;

Microsoft:http://www.microsoft.com;

Netscape Communications::http://www.netscape.com;

Microsoft Internet Explorer:http://www.microsoft.com/ie;

联想集团:http://www.legend.com.cn;

清华同方股份有限公司:http://www.thtf.com.cn;

北大方正电子有限公司:http://www.founder.com.cn;

English Learning;

Dave s ESL Cafe:http://www.eslcafe.com;

ESL Magazine:http://www.eslmag.com;

Things for ESL/EFL Teachers:http://iteslj.org/t;

BBC English:http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish;

英语ABC:http://www.englishabc.com;

旺旺英语:http://www.englishww.com;

中国教育在线:http://www.edu.cn;

普特英语听力:http://www.putclub.org;

中青网英语角:http://corner.youth.cn;

Search Engines;

Excite:http://www.excite.com;

Yahoo!:http://www.yahoo.com;

Infoseek:http://www.infoseek.com;

Lycos:http://www.lycos.com;

Google:http://www.google.com;

3721网络实名:http://www.3721.com;

“北大天网”中英文搜索引擎:http://e.pku.edu.cn;

百度:http://www.baidu.com;

易搜:http://www.yisou.com;

北极星:http://www.beijixing.com.cn ;

Frequently Used Abbreviations for E commerce;

电子商务英语常见缩略词

AADSAccount Authority Digital Signatures账号授权数字签名;

ACDAutomation Call Distributor自动呼叫分配器;

ADOActivity Data Objects 活动数据对象;

ADSLAsymmetrical Digital Subscriber Line非对称数字用户专线;

ANC All Number Calling全数字呼叫;

APS Advanced Planning System高级规划系统;

ASCIIAmerican Standard Code for Information Interchange美国标准信息交换码;

ASPActive Server Pages动态服务器主页;

ATMAutomated Teller Machine自动取款机;

B/LBill of Lading提单;

B2BBusiness to Business商业机构对商业机构的电子商务模式;

B2CBusiness to Consumer商业机构对消费者的电子商务模式;

BBSBulletin Board System电子公告板;

BISBank for International Settlements 国际清算银行;

BR Business Reengineering 企业重组;

C&;FCost &; Freight 目的港成本加运费价;

CACertification Authority认证中心;

CADComputer Aided Design计算机辅助设计;

CAEComputer Aided Engineering计算机辅助工程;

CAIComputer Aided Instruction 计算机辅助教学;

CCFChina Computer Federation中国计算机协会;

CDCompact Disc光盘;

CEOChief Executive Officer首席执行官;

CGICommon Gateway Interface公共网关接口;

CHINADDNChina Digital Data Network中国公用数字数据网;

CHINAGBNChina Gold Bridge Network中国金桥信息网;

CICChina Insurance Clause中国保险条款;

CIFCost,Insurance and Freight目的港成本加保险费加运费价;

CIOChief Information Officer首席信息官;

CISCorporate Identity System企业识别系统;

CKDComplete Knock Down散件装配;

CMSCall Management System呼叫管理系统;

CMSCustomer Management System客户管理系统;

CINICChina Internet Network Information Certer中国互联网信息中心;

CPCCost Per Click Through每次点击成本;

CPUCentral Processing Unit中央处理单元;

CRLCertificate Revocation List撤销认证列表;

CRMCustomer Relation Management客户关系管理;

CTDCombined Transport Documents联合运输单据;

CTIComputer Tune Integrated计算机语音集成;

D/ADocuments against Acceptance承兑交单;

D/PDocuments against Payment付款交单;

DDEDynamic Data Exchange动态数据交换;

DDNDigital Data Network数字数据网;

DESDigital Encryption Standard数字加密标准;

DINDeutsche Industry Norm德国工业标准;

DNSDomain Name System域名系统;

DOSDiskette Operating System磁盘操作系统;

DSNDate Source Name数据源名;

DTSDigital Time stamp Service数字时间戳服务;

DVDDigital Video Disc数字视盘;

EBElectronic Business电子商务;

ECElectronic Commerce电子商务;

ECBElectronic Code Book电子密码本;

ECREffective Customer Response有效客户响应;

EDIElectronic Data Interchange电子数据交换;

EECEuropean Economic Community欧洲经济共同体;

EFTElectronic Financing Transfer电子财务转账;

EINEuropean Information Network欧洲信息网络;

EIPEnterprise Information Portal企业信息门户;

EISEnvironment Information System环境信息系统;

EISExecutive Information System执行信息系统;

EITOEuropean Information Technology Observatory欧洲信息技术观测组织;

EMSElectronic Mail System电子邮件系统;

EMSExpanded Memory Specification扩展内存规范;

EPOSElectronic Point of Sale电子销售点;

ERMEnterprise Resource Management企业资源管理;

ERPEnterprise Resource Planning企业资源规划;

ESSExecutive Support System行政管理支持系统;

F.P.A.Free from Particular Average平安险;

FAOFood and Agriculture Organization联合国粮食及农业组织;

FAQFair Average Quality良好平均品质;

FDDIFiber Distributed Data Interface光纤分布数据接口;

FOBFree on Board装运港船上交货价;

FTPFile Transfer Protocol文件传输协议;

GATTGeneral Agreement on Tariffs and Trade关税与贸易总协定;

GBGigabyte千兆字节;

GDIGraphic Device Interface图形设备接口;

GIFGraphical Interchange Format图形交换格式;

GPSGlobe Positioning System全球定位系统;

HDHard Disk硬盘;

HTMLHypertext Markup Language超文本标记语言;

HTTPHypertext Transfer Protocol超文本传输协议;

I/EImport/Export进口/出口;

I/OInput/Output输入/输出;

IBECInternational Bank for Economic Cooperation国际经济合作银行;

IBMInternational Business Machine美国国际商用机器公司;

IBRDInternational Bank for Reconstruction and Development国际复兴开发银行;

ICCInternational Chamber of Commerce国际商会;

ICPInternet Content Provider因特网内容提供商;

ICQI Seek You网上呼叫服务;

ICSAInternational Computer Security Association国际计算机安全协会;

IDIdentify Code识别码;

IDBInter American Development Bank泛美开发银行;

IEInternet Explorer因特网探险者;

IIBInternational Investment Bank国际投资银行;

IISInternet Information Server因特网信息服务器;

IMFInternational Monetary Fund国际货币基金组织;

INIntelligent Network智能网络;

IPInternet Protocol网际协议;

ISDNIntegrated Service Digital Network综合业务数字网;

ISOInternational Standards Organization国际标准化组织;

ISPInternet Services Provider因特网服务提供商;

ITInformation Technology信息技术;

ITLInternational Tele Communication Union国际电信联盟;

JISJapanese Industrial Standard日本工业标准;

JITJust In Time及时工作制;

JPEGJoint Photograph Expert Group联合照片专家组;

KBKeyboard键盘;

KBKilobyte千字节;

KMSKnowledge Management System知识管理系统;

L/CLetter of Credit信用证;

LANLocal Area Network局域网;

LCDLiquid Crystal Display液晶显示;

LECLAN Emulation Client局域网仿真客户端;

M/TMail Transfer信汇;

MBMegabytes兆字节;

MCMainframe Computer主机;

MFNMost Favored Nation最惠国待遇;

MIDIMusical Instrument Digital Interface乐器数字接口;

MISManagement Information System管理信息系统;

MSSManagement Support System管理支持系统;

NCNetwork Computer网络计算机;

NIINational Information Infrastructure国家信息基础设施;

NUINetwork User Identifier网络用户标识符;

OAOffice Automation办公自动化;

OCSOngoing Customer Service不断客户服务;

ODBCOpen Database Connect开放式数据库连接;

OECDOrganization of Economics Cooperate and Development经合组织;

OSOperation System操作系统;

PCPersonal Computer个人计算机;

PCTPrivate Communication Technology专用通信技术;

PDAPersonal Digital Assistant掌上电脑;

PDMProduct Database Management产品数据管理;

PDNPublic Data Network公用数据网;

PKCPublic Key Cryptosystem公钥密码系统;

PKIPublic Key Infrastructure公钥基础设施;

POPPost Office Protocol邮局协议,用于电子邮件;

POSPoint of Sale销售点终端;

PSEPersonal Safety Environment个人安全环境;

PSNPublic Switched Network公用交换网;

PWSPersonal Web Server个人Web服务器;

QAQuality Assurance质量保证;

QRQuick Response快速响应;

RARegistration Authority注册授权;

RAMRandom Access Memory随机存取存储器;

ROIReturn of Invest投资回报率;

ROMRead Only Memory只读存储器;

S.H.E.Sundays and Holidays Excepted星期日和假日除外;

SCMSupply Chain Management供应链管理;

SDRSSpecial Drawing Rights特别提款权;

SETSecure Electronic Transaction安全电子传输协议;

SISStrategic Information System战略信息系统;

SITCStandard International Trade Classification标准国际贸易分类;

SQLStructured Query Language结构化查询语言;

SSLSecure Sockets Layer安全套接层;

STTSecure Transaction Technology安全传输技术;

T.L.O.Total Loss Only全损险;

T.RTrust Receipt信任收据;

T.TTelegraphic Transfer电汇;

TCP/IPTransport Control Protocol/Internet Protocol传输控制协议/网际协议;

TOFTop of Form表格顶部;

TTSTransaction Tracking System事务处理跟踪系统;

UETAUniform Electronic Transaction Act统一电子交易法案;

UNCTADU.N.Conference on Trade and Development联合国贸易和发展会议;

URLUniform Resource Locator统一资源定位器;

UTCUnited Technology Corporation(美国)联合技术公司;

VANValue Added Network Service增值网络服务;

VAPValue Added Process增值处理;

VBVisual Basic可视化;

BASICVODVideo on Demand电视点播,视频点播;

VPNVirtual Private Network虚拟专用网络;

VRVirtual Reality虚拟现实技术;

WANWide Area Network广域网

WIPOWorld Intellectual Property Organization世界知识产权组织;

WTOWorld Trade Organization世界贸易组织;

WWWWorld Wide Web万维网;

ANSIAmerican National Standards Institate美国国家标准协会;

ASTMAmerican Society for Testing and Materials美国材料与实验协会;

FDAFood and Drug Administration美国食品和药物管理局;

CPOSContinuous Production Operation Sheet连续生产作业表;

WPSWord Processing System一种文字处理系统。

Screen English屏幕英语

A;

A read is currently in effect;

正在进行读操作;

Abort edit(Y/N)?;

退出编辑吗(是/否)?;

Access denied;

拒绝存取;

All files cancelled by operator;

所有文件被操作员删除;

All files in directory will be deleted.Are you sure(Y/N)?;

目录中的全部文件将被删除。您肯定要删除吗(是/否)?;

All work area in use;

所有工作区都在使用;

Alternate Drives;

替换驱动器;

Anti virus options;

防病毒选项;

Appointment schedule print;

打印约定时间表;

Array element size mismatch;

数组元素大小不匹配;

B;

Backing up files to diskette;

把文件备份到磁盘上;

Bad call format;

错误调用格式;

Bad command or filename;

命令或文件名错;

Bad tracks found at start of partition,partition size adjusted;

分区开始处发现坏磁带,分区长度已修改;

Batch file missing;

批处理文件丢失;

BREAK is on/off;

BREAK中断(键)打开或关闭;

Buffer size adjusted;

缓冲区长度被调整;

Buffer size;

缓冲区长度;

Sector size;

扇区大小;

Directory entries;

目录项数;

Transfer size;

传送字节数;

Browse structure changed;

浏览结构被改变;

C;

CANCEL/SUSPEND is not allowed;

不允许进行取消或暂停操作;

Cannot append from password;

由于有密码不能添加文件;

Cannot clear menu in use;

不能清除使用中的菜单;

Cannot create a zero cylinder partition;

不能创建零柱面分区;

Cannot DISKCOMP to or from a network drive;

不能对或从网络驱动器执行DISKCOMP(全盘比较)命令;

Cannot edit Bak file—rename file;

不能编辑Bak 文件——重新命名文件;

Cannot find system files;

找不到系统文件;

Cannot load 16 bit API interface;

不能加载16位API接口;

Cannot perform a cyclic copy;

不能执行循环拷贝;

Cannot reopen list file;

不能再次打开列表文件;

Cannot set format while in a read with a format file;

在读格式文件时不能设置格式;

Checking existing disk format;

检查当前盘的格式;

Existing format differs from that specified;

当前的格式不同于指定的格式;

Content of destination lost before copy;

指定的内容在复制前已丢失;

Create checksums on floppy;

在软盘上建立检查要点文件;

Create infection report;

创建感染报告文件;

D;

Database is not indexed;

数据库没有被索引;

Delate checklist files;

删除检查列表文件;

Disk boot failure;

磁盘引导失败;

Disk/Drives not compatible;

软盘/驱动器不兼容;

E;

Exclusive open of file is required;

文件需要以独占方式打开;

F;

Feature not available;

不支持该特性;

File allocation table bad,drive D;

驱动器D:文件分配表出错;

File cannot be copied onto itself;

文件不能自身拷贝;

File does not exist;

文件不存在;

File is currently being printed;

文件正在打印;

File is in queue;

文件在打印队列中;

File sharing conflict;

文件共享冲突;

File was successfully undeleted;

文件已成功恢复;

Fixed backup device is full ;

供备份的硬盘空间已满;

Full DES encryption;

完全DES加密;

I;

Index damaged,REINDEX should be done before use data;

索引文件被破坏,使用数据前必须使用重新索引命令;

Insert SOURCE diskette in drive A:;

Insert TARGET diskette in drive B:;

Press any key to continue...;

在A驱动器中插入源盘(被拷贝的盘);在B驱动器中插入目标盘(拷贝的盘);按任意键继续……;

Insufficient memory;

内存不够;

Insufficient room in root directory ;

Erase files from root and repeat CHKDSK;

根目录无足够空间,删去根目录中一些文件后再试CHKDSK命令;

Internal consistency error;

内部一致性错误;

Invalid character in command;

命令中含有无效字符;

K;

Keyboard routine not found;

键盘程序未找到;

M;

Memory has been suspiciously reduced.;

The cause may be an unknown virus.;

怀疑内存非法减少,可能有未知病毒。;

Must specify destination line number;

必须指定目标行号;

N;

Next file/Skip all/Exit;

下一个文件/跳过所有的文件/退回主屏幕;

P;

Please replace original diskette in drive A:and press;

请替换驱动器A:中的原始盘并按回车键;

Printer drive is corrupted;

打印机驱动程序损坏;

Printer not ready;

打印机未准备好;

Product has not been properly installed;

产品尚未正确安装;

Program is trying to format a diskette!;

Do you wish to confirm?;

程序试图格式化磁盘!你想确认吗?;

Program terminated normally;

程序正常结束;

R;

Record is in use by another;

记录正在被其他的用户使用;

Record is out of range;

记录超出范围;

Remove immunization;

除去免疫;

Q;

Quite after backup;

备份后退出;

Statement not allowed in interactive mode;

交互方式中不能使用此语句;

System will now restart;

现在系统将重新启动;

T;

Target is already engaged in relation;

已与目标建立关系;

The last file was not restored;

最后一个文件未恢复;

This disk cannot be unformatted.;

Proceed with Format(Y/N)?;

此盘格式化后不能恢复。继续格式化吗(是/否)?;

Too many block devices;

块设备太多;

U;

Unable to create temporary work file(s);

不能建立临时的工作文件;

Unrecognized phrase/keyword in command;

命令中不可识别的短语或关键字;

Upgrade version;

版本升级;

W;

Warning!Diskette is out of sequence;

Replace the diskette or continue;

Strike any key when ready;

警告!磁盘顺序出错,更换磁盘或继续,准备好后按任意键;

Warning!No files were found to restore;

警告!没有找到要恢复的文件;

Frequently Used Abbreviations for Online Chat;

网上聊天常用缩略语;

A/S/LAge/Sex/Location年龄/性别/地点;

AFAIKAs Far As I Know就我所知;

AFKAway From Keyboard离开一会儿;

AFAAlso Known As也被认为是;

ASAPAs Soon As Possible尽快;

B4Before以前;

BAKBack At Keyboard又回来了;

BAYBack At You又见到你了;

BBBye Bye再见;

BBBBoy Before Books书呆子;

BBIABBe Back In A Bit马上回来;

BBLBe Back Later一会儿再见;

BBNBye Bye Now现在再见;

BCBecause因为;

BCNUBe Seeing you不见不散;

BFBest Friend最好的朋友;

BFBoy Friend男朋友;

BFFBest Friends Forever永远最好的朋友;

BF4LBest Friends For Life一辈子最好的朋友;

BFNBye For Now现在再见;

BNBlocking Now现在网络堵塞;

BRBBe Right Back马上回来;

BTWBy The Way顺便说一下;

CIDConsider It Done认为已经完成了;

CIOCheck It Out找出来;

CSChange of Subject换个话题;

CSNChange Subject Now现在换个话题;

CUL8RSee You Later以后见;

CUREMCheck Your Email检查你的邮件;

CUZCousin表兄(弟);

C YASee You再见;

DLTMDon t Lie To Me别骗我;

DTIPDon t Take It Personally不要往心里去;

EBEverybody每个人;

Evil Grin邪恶的笑;

EMeEmail Me发邮件给我;

EMMEmail Me发邮件给我;

EV 1Everyone每个人;

Every 1Everyone每个人;

F2FFace To Face面对面;

Grin笑;

G/DGood Day你好;

GFYGood For You对你有好处;

GGGood Game干得好;

GLGood Luck祝你好运;

GMTAGreat Minds Think Alike英雄所见略同;

GR8Great太棒了;

GTFGot To Fly我要下线了;

GTGGot To Go我要下线了;

G2GGot To Go我要下线了;

GISYGlad To See You很高兴见到你;

HNKHugs And Kisses抱一下,亲一下;

HWHomework家庭作业;

IABI Am Back我回来了;

IAEIn Any Event无论如何;

ICI See我明白了;

IDTSI Don t Think So我不这么认为;

IKWYMI Know What You Mean我懂你的意思了;

ILYI Love You我爱你;

ILUI Love You我爱你;

IMInstant Message即时消息;

IMHOIn My Humble Opinion依我之浅见;

IMOIn My Opinion依我之见;

IOWIn Other Words换句话说;

IRLIn Real Life在现实生活中;

J/KJust Kidding和你开玩笑的;

J/PJust Playing和你闹着玩的;

JWJust Wondering只是有些奇怪罢了;

KOK好的;

KITKeep In Touch保持联络;

LOLLaughing Out Loud大笑;

LTLLets Talk Later过会儿聊;

LTNCLong Time No Chat很久没聊了;

LTNSLong Time No See很久没见了;

LYALove You Always每时每刻都爱你;

LYLLove You Lots很爱很爱你;

LYLABLove Your Like A Brother和你亲如兄弟;

LYLASLove You Like A Sister情同姐妹;

LY ByeLove You Bye爱你,再见;

MAYBMaybe可能;

MLGMonkey Like Grin做鬼脸;

M or FMale Or Female男的?女的?;

MSUMissing You想念你;

MYMiss You想你;

MYOBMind Your Own Business不要多管闲事;

NANo Answer没有回应;

NANot Available现在不在;

NE1Anyone任何人;

NEWayAnyway不管怎么样;

NJCNothing Just Crashing没事,刚刚掉线了;

NMNever Mind别介意;

NMNothing Much没什么;

NPNo Problem没问题;

NRNNo Reply Necessary不需要回答;

NYONeed Your Opinion需要你的建议;

OICOh I See哦!我明白了;

OIYDOnly In Your Dreams只在你的梦里;

OMGOh My Gosh哦,天哪;

OTOHOn The Other Hand另一方面;

PLSPlease求你了;

PLZPlease求你了;

PMFJIPardon Me For Jumping In对不起,能和你聊聊么?;

P/OPeace Out没有和平了;

POVPoint Of View意见;

QTCutie美女;

RAre是;

RTMRead The Manual读一下说明书;

RUThereAre You There你在吗;

SHSame Here我这也一样;

SITDStill In The Dark仍然不明白;

Silly Grin傻笑;

SNScreen Name网名;

SOSSomeone Special特殊的一个人;

SOTSStay On The Subject不要跑题;

STR8Straight直接点儿;

SUPWhat s Up怎么了;

SWSay What?说什么;

SWAKSealed With A Kiss吻别;

SWDYTSo What Do You Think你认为如何;

TAYLTalk At You Later待会和你聊;

TBToo Bad太糟了;

TIAThanks In Advance先谢谢你;

TTYLTalk To You Later待会再聊;

TTYSTalk To You Soon马上回来和你聊;

TTYTTalk To You Then待会儿与你聊;

TUThank You谢谢你;

TXThanks谢谢;

TYThank You谢谢你;

TYVMThank You Very Much非常感谢你;

UYou是你;

U2You Too你也一样;

URYour你的;

Very Big Grin大笑;

Waz^What s Up怎么了;

WBWelcome Back欢迎回来;

WBASAPWrite Back As尽快回复;

Soon As Possible;

WBSWrite Back Soon快点回复我;

WDYSWhat Did You Say你刚刚说了什么;

Wicked Grin坏坏地笑;

WICHWish I Could Help但愿我能帮助你;

WYRNWhat s Your Real Name你的真名是?;

WYSWhatever You Say不管你说什么;

WYTWhatever You Think不管你怎么想;

WYTTWho You Talking To你在和谁聊天;

YWhy为什么;

YDKMYou Don t Know Me你不认识我;

YKWIMYou Know What I Mean你知道我的意思;

YSYDYeah Sure You Do当然你会这样做;

YTTTYou Telling The Truth告诉我真相;

YWYou re Welcome不用谢;

ILUI Love You爱你;

*KissesKisses You吻你;

3QThank You谢谢;

4U2CFor You To See给你看;

4YIOFor Your Eyes Only只给你看。