A Brief History of Internet因特网简史
ARPANET started by the US Dept.of Defense for research is the original basis for what now forms the Internet.It was opened to non-military users later in the 1970s.
美国国防部建立了阿帕网，作研究用。这就是因特网的前身。阿帕网到20世纪七十年代开放给非军事界。
The first international connections to ARPANET are established.
阿帕网第一次建立了国际联系。
The TCP/IP Protocol established，and the “Internet”is formed as a connected set of networks using TCP/IP.
TCP/IP协议建立，由TCP/IP协议连接起来的因特网网络形成了。
DNS （Domain Name Server）introduced to the Internet，with then consisted of about 1000hosts.
因特网引进域名服务器，当时整个互联网有一千部主机。
World Wide Web，invented by Tim Berners-Lee who saw the need for a global information exchange that would allow physicists to collaborate on research.The Web started as a text-only interface，but NCSA Mosaic later presented a graphical interface for it.
提姆·伯纳斯-李觉得有必要让世界上的物理家相互交换资料，进行科研合作，他发明了国际互联网。当时的国际互联网中有的只是文字，但后来，NCSA Mosaic 推出了适合国际互联网使用的图形界面。
Web traffic over the Internet increased by 300，000%.
国际互联网流量上升了百分之三十万。
Netscape 1.0was written as an alternative browser to NCSA Mosaic.
继浏览器NCSA Mosaic后，网景1.0推出。
December Java Script development announced by Netscape.
12月网景公布，它正在进行JavaScript的开发。
Now Internet is still developing faster and faster...
Internet 现在仍以越来越快的速度高速发展着……
Business in Information Times信息时代的商业活动
A business does its work on two legs.One leg is built of information such as sales leads，orders，production planning，procurement orders，work schedules，cash receiving，and accounting review and feedback.The other leg is built of the bricks and mortar every product-oriented business needs to have in place—whether it owns it or outsource it—to build and deliver the goods according to the requirements provided in the information process.The critical issue facing manufacturers is the ability to synchronize the two legs so that they work together.
实现商业活动依靠两种方法。第一种方法以工作流程导向，构成信息有：销售引导、订单、产品计划、订单获取、工作安排、现金回收和会计审查和反馈。第二种方法以产品为导向，注重一针一线；不管产品是你自己公司的还是从外公司引进的，各个商业关键点要求到位，这样才能根据信息处理提供的要求去生产和发送货物。现在制造商面临的关键问题是要有能力同步这两种方法让它们协同工作。
Regardless of what you call it—dot com，e-commerce，e-business，B2B—it’s all about moving and translating information faster，cheaper，and better with 100percent accuracy through communication channels and networks with incredible accessibility for everyone，including all employees，suppliers，and customers.This has done much to change the landscape for information management and control，giving rise to the “virtual”company.
不管你怎样称呼它——.com、e-商务、e-交易或者B2B——它所有能包含的只是移动和传送信息，只不过要求更快、更便宜、通过通讯渠道和网络时的百分之百准确的更佳性能和不可思议的被包括雇员、供应商和客户访问的更广泛性。这些要求具有超越般的影响，能大大改变信息处理和控制领域，也给予了这些“虚拟”公司崭露头角的机会。However，if this faster and better information is not translated into better customer service and response，its value will be diminished.Our objective is not better and faster information but rather better，faster，higher-value products and services to customers.然而，如果这些更快更好的信息的结果不是更好的客户服务和回复，它的价值会有所贬低。我们的目的不是更好更快的信息，而是客户认可的更好更快更高价值的产品和服务。
Fix this problem，and the e-commerce solution provides the promised payback.Adjust your business and manufacturing planning processes to work with better and faster information through a business process improvement project that works in concert with the new economy.
为了解决此问题，e-商务解决方案提供可保证的回报。新经济模式下运作的改进性商业处理方案能够提供更好更快的信息，在这些信息的指导下，调整你的商业和加工计划方案，你就会得到这些回报。
“Virtual”is only relevant to the location of the people using the information.The job of translating，combining，sorting，and using information still takes place in a manufacturing plant where real people are still making the tangible，real products that customers want.What happens when the manufacturing plant cannot process the ordering information，for instance，at the speed of the communication network？
“虚拟”只是和使用信息的人的位置相应的。人们在加工厂里制作具体和现实的产品以供客户使用，而转化、结合、分类和使用信息的工作也发生在加工厂里。举例来说，在加工厂不能以通信网络的速度来处理订单信息时会发生什么情况？
Everything slows down to the throughput capacity of the constraint—in this case the manufacturing plant—resulting in under-utilization of expensive information gathering capability，dissatisfied managers，stressed employees，and，most importantly，unhappy customers who have not had their expectation met.生产能力的约束要降低各个方面的速度——处于此种情况下的加工厂——将导致不能充分利用昂贵的信息收集能力，管理者不满意，雇员有压力，且最重要的是，客户不能达到自己的预期而不高兴。There is no value or promise of great improvements from e-commerce or B2B processes if the systems’constraint，more efficient manufacturing，related business processes，and distribution are not part of the solutions equation.
这就没有任何价值，或者说，如果总的系统约束了e-商务或B2B的处理能力，e-商务或B2B系统也不能保证有巨大的回报，更有效的加工能力、相关的商业处理和物流分配不属于解决方案中的一部分。
Computer Development Prediction in Future未来计算机发展预测
With the development of computer technology ，PC will become our tool at work，the control centre in life，which is the inevitable thing.Future of the computer is full of parameters now.The improving by a large margin of performance can’t be doubted，but realize that there are multiple ways to the leap of performance.Just the CPU technology can improve through “quantum computer”，“DNA computer”，“photon computer ”，etc.But it is not the only route of development of computer that performance is promoted by a wide margin.
随着计算机技术的发展，PC将成为我们工作上的工具，生活中的控制中心是必然的事情。现在计算机的未来充满了变数，性能的大幅度提高是不可置疑的，而实现性能的飞跃却有多种途径。单单CPU方面就有可能通过“量子计算机”、“DNA计算机”、“光子计算机”等等技术来实现。不过性能的大幅提升并不是计算机发展的惟一路线。
Modularization
模块化
Why PCs have such a big popularization today？It in common use of modularization designed blows the decisive impetus.In the future，PCs will not die the merit in this respect，but also even develop it.Not only achieve the modularization in the inner boards and cards，can even offer a lot of to the insert cards，which is used for people to put new module into it to increases performance or function，just like the PCMICAs of note-book.
PC之所以有今天这么大的普及度，就是因为它的通用模块化设计起了决定性的推动作用，以后的PC同样也不会牺牲这方面优点，而且还会将它发扬光大，不但在内置板卡中实现模块化，甚至可以提供多个外接插槽，以供使用人加入新的模块，增加性能或功能，使用起来和现在笔记本中的PCMICA有点接近。