in Civil Cases， and considerable difficulty arose over the 1act that therewas no Court of Appeal from the judgments of the Mixed Court.
Increase in KidnappingWith the breakdown in authority to which we have referred， wefind at this period a great increase in kidnapping and in the numberof young girls sold into slavery. The Mixed Court in dealing withthese cases， as a means of saving some of the children， continuedthe practice of handing them over to the “Door of Hope.” Thisinstitution had been founded in 1900 by some missionary ladies of theInternational Settlement for the care of girls who wished to give up lifein the brothels. It had its first house on Chekiang Road and a homefor children in Kiangwan. The name of Miss C. Bonnel will long beremembered with this charitable work of mercy.
At the same time an institution， known at first as “The SlaveRefuge，“ was founded by Mrs. F. R. Graves and some of thecommunity ladies of the Settlement. It had as its object the rescueof slave girls rather than of prostitutes. For some time it was underthe charge of Deaconess M. T. Henderson. After it was amalgamatedwith the “Door of Hope，” Deaconess Henderson founded “St. Faith"sSettlement“ on Jessfield Road.
Disappearance of QueuesAmong other changes which came with the Revolution we maymention the disappearance of the queue. It was considered as a badgeof submission to the Manchus and a Presidential mandate ordered itsremoval. Many of the country people， however， were most unwillingto part with this appendage， and strenuously resisted the regulation.
At the city gates of Shanghai， barbers with shears were stationed， andthose wearing the queue were forcibly seized and shorn. The reformwas carried out in much the same way as Peter the Great disposed ofthe long beards in Russia.
Demolition of City WallThe demolition of the city wall was decided on， as it was lookedupon as a relic of medievalism， out of keeping with modern China.
The work was immediately taken in hand ， but at first went onhaltingly， owing to lack of funds. The whole wall disappeared duringthe course of the year and was replaced by a broad boulevard. It is nowdifficult for a stranger to distinguish the boundary between the FrenchConcession and the native city.
Other Changes
The solar calendar was adopted， but did not displace altogetherthe old lunar calendar， and the attempt to do away with the old ChinaNew Year was not a success. It was difficult for the merchants toanticipate by about a month"s time the date of their final settlementof accounts. Moreover it was not easy to change by an offcialproclamation a custom which had existed for centuries.
With the Revolution there sprang into existence a very largenumber of publications， newspapers and magazines， for the purpose ofspreading modern ideas.
A tramway was constructed in Nantao， an Industrial Exhibitionwas held in Chang Su Ho"s Garden in August， 1912 and anEngineering Department was established in connection with NanyangCollege—all testifying to the dawning of a new day.
The old picturesque dragon flag entirely disappeared and in itsplace the streets were gay with the new five barred flag adopted by theRepublican Government， symbolizing the union of the five peoples，the Chinese， Manchus， Mongols， Turkestanese， and Thibetans.