书城外语四级写作速成的秘密:3个月写出好成绩
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第51章 写作规范记牢(1)

标点使用规范

一、句号

英语中的句号和汉语的不相同,英语中是一个实心的小圆点。句号主要用在陈述句,语气温和的祈使句以及带有直接引语句子的句尾来表示一个句子的结束。

如More and more people begin to study English in China.

注意:如果句子是以一个末尾本身有句号的缩略词结尾,那么句子结尾就不能再用句号,但是可以用其他标点。

如Mr.Green grew up in Washington,D.C.,he went to the United States at the age of twenty.

二、逗号

用来表示最短的停顿,主要用于:

1.句号用来停顿并列的成分;

如I Iike shopping,chatting,and dancing in my spare time.(如果并列成分由and或者or连接,则不用逗号)。

2.用于非限制性定语从句之前;

如I Iike her mother,who has a good character.

3.用于日期或者是地址中;

如The sports meeting will be held on Saturday,December 12,2006.

My boyfriend Iives at 50Sunshine Road,Tianjin,China.

4.用于信件的开头和结束语;

如Dear Thomas,Truly yours,Sincerely yours.

5.用于句子插入成分前后;

如The director,however,didn’t take his responsibilities to the patients.

6.用于一个较长的修饰短语之后;

如In the middle of the coldest winter on record,the pipes froze.

7.用于直接引用的句子之前;

如Mary said,“Let’s go fishing.”(如果句中含有间接引用就不需要逗号,如Mary said we should go fishing.)

8.用于一个较长的修饰短语之后;

如In the middle of the coldest winter on record,the pipes froze.

9.在反问句之前要使用逗点;

如He worked very hard,didn’t he?

三、问号

问号是用来表示问话的停顿或者是加强语气:

问号要用在一个直接的问句,而不是间接的。

如How will you solve the problem?

注意:用在I wonder how you will solve the problem?就不对了,应该使用句点而不是问号。另外,在客气的用语中,也是用句点而不是问号。

如Will you please give me a call tomorrow.

四、冒号

用于引出一系列的并列句:

1.用于对后面内容的介绍或解释;

如This is her plan:go shopping.

注意:当冒号用于这样的目的时,它不能插入(系)动词和它的(表)宾语之间或者介词和它的宾语之间。

如Some different writing tools are:the pencil,the pen and etc.

2.冒号用于主标题和副标题之间;

如Web Directory:World and Non-U.S.Economic Data

3.冒号用于名单之前;

如We need seven people:three students,three engineers,and a professor.

4.冒号用于数字时间的表示,如16:45;

5.冒号在正式的信函放在称呼的后面;

如Dear Vallen.

五、引号

包括双引号和单引号,是标出别人的话或者文章中引用的词,词组或者句子:

1.引号用于引用的书刊、文章、电影电视、歌曲的名称标题;

如This is a line from the Poem“The West Wind”.

2.引用说话人或者作者的具体话语;

如“OK,”Thomas said to his mother,“if it can make you happy,I will do it forever”.

3.如果该词有特殊的意义,或者强调某个词时用引号;

如The wallet is always referred to as“she”.

注意:(1)当出现以“said”或者“relay”这样的附加语出现在被引用的句子后面的时候,该引用句应该以逗号结束。

如“This is my answer,”he replied proudly.

(2)如果引用的句子是问句或者是感叹句,那么这些被引用的句子用问号或者感叹号结束引用语。

如“Do you know he is a thief?”the police asked.

(3)如果这种附加语被放入一个完整的引用句之中,那么附加语前的引文部分以逗号结束,附加语本身也以逗号结尾。

如“A woman’s reaction in any crisis,”the major says,“is to scream.”

(4)引文结束时,句号和逗号总是被放入引号内,而分号或冒号总放在引号外,至于破折号,感叹号或问号。如果它们是引文本身的标点,就放在引号内,如果他们都是整个句子所需要的,就放在引号外面。

如Several times the witness said,“I swear to the truth of my statement”;yet the jury remained unconvinced.

“Do you understand?”she asked.

Does anyone understand what he meant when he wrote that“the earth belongs to the Iiving generation”?

六、省略号

表示文中被省略的部分或者说话时的停顿和犹豫:

如“Oh,no…….”she said,then she was moved into tears.

七、括号

用来解释或者补充说明的:(它与破折号之间的区别就是,破折号后面的部分是重点信息,而括号之内的信息却是次要信息)

如A small mirror(a double-faced one)is useful to a camper for flashing signals or starting fires.

1.表示列举时,括号表示顺序的含义;

如the word revolution means(1)a great,sudden social and political change by force,(2)a complete change in ways of thinking methods of working,and(3)circular movement round a fixed point.