书城外语英语情景应用语法教程
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第3章 一般过去时 The Simple Past Tense

同学们,你们进入大学已经有一段时间了,你对大学的感觉怎么样?在有些新鲜感的同时会不会怀念初高中的生活呢?要想跟你的新同学分享你以前的经历需要什么时态呢?Good,那就是过去时。今天就让我带领大家走进英语中的另一个时态:一般过去时。你们准备好了吗?OK,let"s go!

2.1一般过去时的定义

一般过去时(The Simple Past Tense):表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为;过去主语所具备的能力和性格。

一般过去时的时间状语:ago[two hours ago(一段时间+ago)],yesterday(用在句子开头或结尾),the day before yesterday, last week (year, night, month ...),具体时间(如Jan.fourth),just now, at the age of, one day, once upon a time(很久以前), this morning, long long ago,等等。

2.2一般过去时的基本结构

1.肯定句型

一般过去时肯定句型的基本结构如下:

主语+动词的过去式+其他例如:

He went to the toy store with his nephew yesterday.

他昨天跟侄子去了玩具店。

2.否定句型

一般过去时否定句型的基本结构如下:

主语+did not (didn"t)+动词原形+其他

例如:

He didn"t go to the toy store with his nephew yesterday.

他昨天没跟侄子去玩具店。

3.一般疑问句型

一般过去时一般疑问句型的基本结构如下:

Did+主语+动词原形+其他

例如:

- Did you go to the Palace Museum last week?

上周你们去故宫了吗?

- Yes, we did.(No, we didn"t.)

是的,我们去了。(不,我们没去。)

- Did you meet the photographer before?

你以前见过那个摄影师吗?

- No, I didn"t.(Yes, I did.)

不,我没见过。(是的,我见过。)

4.特殊疑问句型

一般过去时特殊疑问句型的基本结构如下:

疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其他

例如:

(1) - What did you do last night?

你昨天晚上做了什么?

- I watched a TV serial with my family.

我跟家人看了个电视剧。

(2) - Where did you meet each other for the first time?

你们第一次是在哪儿认识的?

- At a friend"s party.

在一个朋友的聚会上。

Dialogue & Analysis

A: Did you have breakfast this morning?

B: Yes, I did.What about you?

A: I had pizzas for breakfast this morning.

B: Really? Were they good?

A: Just so so.The ones I had before were even better.

B: Did you ever have pizzas before?

A: Of course I did.I was a little boy at that time.

B: Were you rich before?

A: Yes, I had a lot of gold at that time.

B: I never saw any gold.

A: You know Clinton?

B: The American President?

A: He would come to see my father every week.

B: Really?

A: You know Dianna?

B: She was dead.

A: I visited her twice a week in those days.

B: Really?

A: We used to go to some fine restaurants.Money! Money! God bless you good people!

B: Aren"t you a rich man?

A: I was, but now, I am not.

一般过去时的用法

(1)一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,或过去经常发生的动作。一般过去时的疑问形式为:Did+主语+动词原形。

(2)一般过去时的形式由动词的过去式表示;动词be 除第一人称和第三人称单数用was 外,其余都用were。

(3)一般过去时表示过去发生而现在已结束的动作或状态,常和 a moment ago, lastyear, yesterday, at that time, in the past 等表示过去时间的副词或短语连用。

(4)一般过去时表示过去曾有或未曾有过的经验,需与never(从未),ever(曾经),once(曾经)连用。

(5)used to +原形动词表示现在已不存在的过去的习惯或存在的状态。

R ole Play

Watch the video one more time, try to imitate the dialogue with your partners, andthen, show your performance to your classmates.

2.3一般过去时的基本用法

(1)表示过去的动作或状态,常和明确的过去时间状语连用,如yesterday,last week,three days ago,in 1998,just now 等,或与由when 引导的从句连用。

注意:一般过去时表示过去某个时间,即图2-1中第一条竖线处(Past)所发生的动作。

(2)表示过去某一段时间内经常或反复出现的动作,句子中常带有every day, often,usually, always, sometimes 等时间状语。例如:

When I worked in that company, I got up early every morning.

在那家公司上班时,我每天早晨都起得很早。

In the past few years she usually went touring during her summer holidays.

在过去的几年里,每逢暑假她总是出去旅游。

Task 1

用括号内动词的适当形式完成下列句子。

1.They (go) out for dinner yesterday.

2.He (is) eight years old when they came there.

3.When I (am) a little boy, I often (play) games with my friends.

4.They (arrive) there in 1990.

2.4一般过去时的特殊用法

(1)叙述过去连续发生的一件件事情。例如:

He got up early in the morning, fetched water, swept the yard and then went out to work.

他早上起得很早,打水,扫院,然后出去干活。

(2)在条件状语从句、时间状语从句中表示过去将来的动作。例如:

They said they would let us know if they heard any news about him.

他们说如果听到什么关于他的消息,就通知我们。

He said he would not go if it rained.

他说如果下雨他就不去了。

(3)用于虚拟语气。例如:

If only I were a bird.

要是我是只鸟儿就好了。(表示不可能)

Did you wish to see me?

你想见我吗?(表示委婉)

Task 2

用括号内动词的适当形式完成下列句子。

1.He (read) the books for a while, (go) upstairs, (kiss) good night to his wife and (go) to bed.

2.If I (am) you, I won"t do this.

3.She said if it (is) windy, they would not go for a picnic.

I.写出下列动词的过去式。

is/am fly plant are

drink play go make

does dance worry mask

taste eat draw put

throw kick pass play

II.用括号内动词的适当形式完成下列句子。

1.I (watch) a cartoon film last Saturday.

2.Her father (read) a newspaper last night.

3.We (go) to the zoo yesterday, and they (go) to the park.

4.you (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival?

5.he (fly) a kite last Sunday? Yes, he .

6.Li Ming (pull) up carrots last weekend.

7.I (sweep) the floor yesterday, but my mother .

8.- What she (find) in the garden yesterday morning?

- She (find) a beautiful butterfly.

9.It (be) Ben"s birthday last Friday.

10.We all (have) a good time last night.

III.按要求改写下列句子。

1.Lucy did her homework at home yesterday evening.(改为否定句)

2.He found some meat in the fridge.(改为一般疑问句)

3.She stayed there for a week.(对画线部分提问)

4.There was some orange juice in the cup.(改为一般疑问句)

5.The girls didn"t go shopping after class yesterday.(改为肯定句)

Fun Time

一般过去时口诀

一般过去时并不难,表示过去动作、状态记心间。

动词要用过去式,时间状语句末站。

否定句很简单,didn"t 站在动词原形前,其他部分不要变。

一般疑问句也好变,did 放在句子前,主语、动词原形、其他部分依次站。

特殊疑问句也简单,疑问词加一般疑问句记心间。

最后一条请注意,was, were 就是过去的be。