书城外语英语情景应用语法教程
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第6章 一般将来时 The Simple Future Tense

随着时间的变化,事物也随之变化,比如:树长高了,人长大了,衣服变旧了,等等。时态也是同样的道理,随着时间的变化,谓语动词的形态也要随之变化,在这一单元里我们将展望一下“未来”。表示将来有两种基本形式:“will/shall+动词原形”和“begoing to+动词原形”。尽管有时它们可以互换,通常却表达不同的含义。随着学习和练习的深入,我们会对英语时态有更清晰的理解。

5.1一般将来时概述

1.定义

一般将来时指时间上发生在将来,表示计划、打算、企图做某事或将来注定要发生的事情。其基本的构成形式为:

will/shall+动词原形

am/is/are going to+动词原形

其中,shall 用于第一人称,will 用于第二人称和第三人称,但美式英语在陈述句中不区分人称,一律用will。

2.功能

(1)表示“纯粹的将来”。

① 表示将要发生的动作或情况,常带有表示将来的时间状语,如tomorrow, next week, in two days, from now on 等。例如:

According to the weather report, it will rain tomorrow.

According to the weather report, it is going to rain tomorrow.

据天气预报说,明天将有雨。

② 表示预料将要发生的动作或情况。例如:

Look at those black clouds! It"s going to rain.

乌云密布,要下雨了。

③ 表示由于习惯倾向而会经常发生的动作,本用法中的 will 要重读。例如:

People will die without air.

没有空气,人类不能生存。

(2)表示“带有情态意义的将来”,用来表示意图,用 will 来表示。例如:

I will be more careful next time.

下次我要更加小心。

It is our consistent policy that we will achieve unity through peaceful means.

通过和平手段取得统一是我们的一贯政策。

一般将来时表示在将来某个时间(Future)将要发生的动作或存在的状态。

注意:will 在疑问句中,用来表示有礼貌地征询对方的意见。例如:

Will you have some more tea?

要不要再喝点茶?

What shall we do this weekend?

本周末我们要干什么?

Task 1

用下列所给单词回答问题“What is going to happen?”。

break the window crash drink the coffee play the violin read a book post a parcel have supper

1.She is

2.The woman

3.He

4.The cars

5.The ball

5.2be going to 和will 用法的区别

be going to 和will 虽然都表示将来发生的动作或情况,但它们的用法是有区别的。

(1)be going to 主要用于以下几种情况。

① 表示事先经过考虑、安排好打算要做的事情。例如:

What are you going to do today?

今天你们打算做什么?

She"s going to play the piano.

她打算弹钢琴。

② 表示根据目前某种迹象判断,某事非常有可能发生。例如:

Look! It is going to rain.

瞧!天要下雨了。

I am afraid I am going to have a cold.

恐怕我要感冒了。

(2)will 主要用于以下几种情况。

① 表示单纯的未来的“将要”,通用于各个人称。例如:

After being interviewed for the job, you will be required to take a language test.

通过面试后,你需要参加语言测试。

② 表示不以人的意志为转移的自然发展的未来的事。例如:

Today is Saturday.Tomorrow will be Sunday.

今天是星期六。明天(将)是星期日。

He will be thirty years old this time next year.

明年这个时候他就(将)三十岁了。

③ 问对方是否愿意做某事或表示客气的邀请或命令。例如:

Will you please turn on the radio?

请打开收音机好吗?

Will you go to the zoo with me?

你和我一起去动物园好吗?

Task 2选择正确的形式来完成下列句子。

1.Tom is going to/will have a baby.

2.- There"s someone at the door.

- I go./I"ll go.

3.I will see/am seeing the doctor at 8:00 tomorrow morning.

4.- Shall we go out?

- No, I"ll/I"m going to do the homework.

5.Look, Anne is going to/will show us something interesting.

5.3可以表示将来意义的其他结构或时态及其用法(1)用一般现在时表示将来意义。

① 句中的动词是一般现在时,但所表示的意义却是一般将来时。例如:

Are you free tomorrow?=Are you going to be free tomorrow?

你明天有空吗?

② 在时间状语从句或条件状语从句中,如果主句是一般将来时,从句习惯上用一般现在时表示将来。例如:

Please tell him to go when he comes.

他要过来了就让他去。

I"ll be glad if she comes over to visit me.

如果她过来看我,我会很高兴的。

I will get everything ready before you come back.

在你回来之前,我会将一切准备就绪。

What are you going to do when you graduate? 你毕业了做什么?

(2)用位置移动的行为动词的现在进行时表示将来意义,即按计划将要发生,常和表示最近的将来时间连用,这些动词有 come, go, leave, begin, arrive, start 等。例如:

We are leaving tomorrow.

我们明天要走了

(3)用“am/is/are+about+不定式”这种结构表示即将发生的动作,但句中不可用表示未来时间的状语。例如:

The meeting is about to begin.(正确)

The meeting is about to begin soon.(错误)

选择题。

1.There no more prejudices against certain kinds of jobs.

A.will be going to

B.will going to be

C.will be

D.will go to be

2.Many new will be opened up in the future for those with a university education.

A.necessities

B.realities

C.opportunities

D.probabilities

3.It was essential that these application forms back as early as possible..

A.must be sent

B.will be sent

C.are sent

D.be sent

4.There a dolphin show in the zoo tomorrow evening.

A.was

B.is going to have

C.will have

D.is going to be

5.- you free tomorrow?

- No.I available the day after tomorrow.

A.Are;going to;will

B.Are;going to be;will

C.Are;going to;will be

D.Are;going to be;will be

6.Turn on the television or open a magazine and you advertisements showing happy balanced families.

A.are often seeing

B.will often see

C.often see

D.have often seen

7.- Shall I buy a cup of Cabuchino for you?

- .(不,不要。)

A.No, you won"t.

B.No, you aren"t.

C.No, please don"t.

D.No, please.

8.- Where is the morning paper?

- I it for you at once.

A.get

B.am getting

C.to get

D.will get

9.a concert next Saturday?

A.There will be

B.Will there be

C.There can be

D.There are

10.While people may refer to television for up-to-minute news(最新的消息), it is unlikely that

television the newspaper completely.

A.have replaced

B.will replace

C.replace

D.replaced

11.He her some flowers on her next birthday.

A.gives

B.gave

C.will giving

D.is going to give

12.He to us as soon as he gets there.

A.writes

B.has written

C.will write

D.wrote

13.He in three days.

A.coming back

B.came back

C.will come back

D.is going to coming back

14.If it tomorrow, we"ll go roller-skating.

A.isn"t rain

B.won"t rain

C.doesn"t rain

D.doesn"t fine

15.It is not easy to learn English well, but if you hang on, you in the end.

A.succeeded

B.will succeed

C.succeeding

D.is going to be succeed

Fun Time

为了帮助同学们记忆一般将来时,请把它想象成Mr.Will,让我们成为朋友,一起畅想“未来”。

Mr.Will简介

1.我的基本情况

动词一般将来时,表示将要发生事。

谓语动词要记清,will (shall)加原形。

若变一般疑问句,will (shall)移句前。

变否定也简单,will (shall)之后not 添。

2.我的同胞兄弟

be going to+动原,一般口语多常见。

准备、计划或打算,be 有人称、时、数变。

迫在眉睫发生事,be 为中心相应变。