书城外语《新编大学英语①》词汇突破记忆
2107200000008

第8章 Unit Two Psychology in Our Daily Life (2)

[ 辨析] belief;confidence;faith;t rust belief 指对人、事、观点等在思想上表示赞同、相信、可接受;confidence 指对人或对其能力表示有信心,也表示对自己有信心、有把握干某事,语气比belief 强;faith 指对人对事非常信任;trust 指可信赖的人和事。

budget* [..b..d..it ] n.预算,收支预算vi.编预算;计划

[ 考点] within (below) budget 在(低于) 预算内

balance one’s budget 量入为出,平衡预算

budget for 为.编预算、做准备

[ 例句] She always stays winthin her budget.

cash* [ k ....] n.现金;钱

[ 同义] currency,money

[ 考点] cash in hand 手头的现钱

cold cas h 现金

ha rd cash 硬币

in cash 富裕

[ 例句] I have no cash in hand,may I pay by cheque?

claim* [ kleim] vt.①主张,声称②要求,请求

n.主张,断言,要求

[ 同义] vt.②demand,require,r equest

[ 考点] claim back 要求收回

claim sth.(s b .) 认领某物(某人)

have no claim against 无权反对.

[ 例句] Has anyone claimed the watch?

[ 辨析] demand;request;requir e;claim demand 指坚持一定要得到或要求对方绝对服从,不容反驳,因此含有强制或命令的意味,但用于物时语气变弱,表示“需要”;request 指有礼貌,表示谦恭、委婉的请求和需要;requir e 指根据规章、惯例或需要,要求对方做事,含有客观上的必要性;claim 指对于正当权利的要求或要求承认,用于物时也可指“需要,值得”。

compulsion [ k..m..p..l....n] n.欲望,冲动

[ 考点] a compulsion to do sth.做某事的冲动

a compulsion with sb.某人无法控制的愿望

[ 例句] Wealthy people sometimes feel a compulsion to steal things they can easily afford to buy.

compulsive [ k..m..p..lsiv] adj.上瘾的,嗜.成癖的

[ 考点] compulsive spenders 购物成癖的人

compulsive bargain hunte rs 购便宜货成癖的人

credit * [..kredit ] n.①赊欠,赊账② 学分③ 信誉;赞扬,荣誉

[ 同义] ③fame,r eputation,honour

[ 考点] be a credit to 使.感到光荣

to sb’s cr edit 对某人有利,属于某人

with credit 以优异的成绩

[ 例句] He is a cr edit to the family.

discipline* [..disiplin] n.克制,遵守纪律

[ 考点] self discipline 自我约束,律己

discount * [ dis..kaunt ] n.折扣

[ 同义] reduction

[ 考点] a discount on sth.在.上的优惠

a t a discount 低于正常价格,打折扣

enormous* [ i..n....m..s] a dj.巨大的

hunt* [ h..nt ] v.①搜寻,寻找②打猎,狩猎

[ 同义] ①seek,pur sue②chase

[ 考点] hunt down 追寻到.;追捕到.

hunt out 把.搜寻出,把.追赶出来

hunt for (after ) 追猎;搜寻

hunter [..h..nt..] n.搜寻者

hunting [..h..nti..] n.搜寻

influence* [..influ..ns ] n.势力,影响

vt.影响;感化

[ 同义] n.power,authority,effect

vt.affect

[ 考点] unde r the influence of 在.影响下

have influence on (ove r/with) 对.产生影响

[ 例句] The per sons tha t have the greatest influence on children are their teachers.

instance* [..inst..ns ] n.例子,事例

[ 考点] for instance 例如

in the first instance 第一步,首先

[ 例句] Some birds,penguin (企鹅),for instance,cannot fly at all.

irrational * [ i..r ......n..l] adj.失去理性的

personality* [..p....s....n .. l..ti ] n.个性;人格,品格

[ 同义] individuality,cha racter

psychology [ sai..k..l..d..i] n.心理学

psychological* [..saik....l..d..ikl] adj.心理学的;心理的

psychologist [ sai..k..l..d..ist ] n.心理学家

reflect* [ ri..flekt ] v.①反射;反映②深思,考虑

[ 同义] ①mirror②conside r

[ 考点] reflect on (upon ) 仔细考虑

salesclerk * [..seilzkl....k] n.售货员

solve* [ s..lv] v.解答,解决,使溶解

[ 同义] resolve

stem* [ stem] v.起源于,由.造成

[ 同义] derive

[ 考点] stem from 起源于

[ 例句] His peculiar personality stems from his unfortunate childhood.

symbol * [..simbl ] n.象征;标志;符号

[ 同义] sign,ma rk,character

[ 考点] a symbol of .的象征

be symbol for 是.的符号

therapist* [....er..pist ] n.治疗专家

be addicted to something 沉溺于某事

[ 例句] The man was hopelessly addicted to drug.

for instance 例如,比如

[ 例句] Some students,Mary for instance,cannot concentr ate on study for all the time.

hold on to something 抓住.不放

[ 例句] He had to hold on to something to steady himself.

in addi tion 此外

[ 例句] The for eman (工头) worked him sixteen hours a day and beat him in addition.

on credit 以赊账的方式

[ 例句] If you can’t afford to pay cash,buy the furnitur e on c redit.

stem from 由.引起,由.产生

[ 例句] He r inte rest in flowers stems from he r childhood in the count ry.

Passage Ⅱ How to Jump Queue Fury

词汇精解

analyse* [.... n..laiz ] v.①分析,细察②分解

[ 同义] ①resolve②br eak down

annoy * [....n..i] v i.使生气,使烦恼

[ 考点] be annoyed at sth.为某事而生气

be annoyed about sth.为某事感到烦恼

be annoyed with sb.对某人感到很烦

[ 例句] I was annoyed with him because he kept inte rrupting me.

annoyance [....n..i..ns ] 恼怒

aspect* [.... spekt ] n.方面;外表;方向

[ 同义] side,angle,appea rance,look

[ 考点] dive rse aspects of life 生活的方方面面

from this aspect 从这方面看来

the question in its true aspect 问题的实质

authori ty * [..........r..ti] n.官方,当局;权力,权威

[ 考点] abuse one’s authority 滥用职权

cite authority 引经据典

on good authority 有可靠根据

on one’s own authority 根据自己的意见

[ 例句] It can be said on good authority that he has lied.

automate* [......t..meit ] vt.使(工厂、作业等) 自动化

automated [......t..meitid] adj.自动化的

cite* [ sait ] vt.①引用,引证②表扬,嘉奖

[ 同义] ①quote,refer②praise

[ 反义] ②condemn,punish

[ 考点] cite sth.as 引用.作为.

be cited for 因.而受到表彰

[ 例句] The ministe r cited the latest crime figur es as proof of the need for more police.

computerised [ k..m..pju..t..r aizd] adj.电脑化的

directly * [ di..r ektli] adv.直接地;坦率地;正好地

dynamic* [ dai..n .. mik] a dj.有活力的;力的;力学的

electrical * [ i..lektr ik..l ] ad j.电的,电气科学的

extend* [ ik..stend] v.①延长,延伸②扩大,扩充

[ 同义] ①st retch,spread②enlarge,amplify

[ 反义] ①shrink,shor ten

finally * [..fain..li] adv.最后,最终

finding* [..faindi..] n.发现,调查结果

foundation* [ faun..dei....n] n.基金会;基础,创立,建立

[ 考点] lay the foundation for 为.打基础

without founda tion 无根据的

[ 例句] The suggestion that I am about to resign is without foundation.

fury * [..fju..ri] n.狂怒;狂暴

[ 同义] rage,wra th,fiercenes s,violence

[ 反义] calm,se renity

[ 考点] in a fury 大怒地,暴怒地

like fury 奋力地;猛烈地

[ 例句] When the women heard this,they jumped on the man in a fury.

highly* [..haili] adv.高度地,非常

[ 同义] consider ably,very

[ 考点] speak (think) highly of sb.对某人评价很高

justice* [..d....stis] n.①正义,公道②司法,审判

[ 同义] ①fairness②judge