书城外语大学英语六级词汇新解
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第23章 V

vegetation

n. plants in general; those found in a particular environment 植物,草木。

natural vegetation 自然植被 /thriving vegetation 茂盛的植被。

Deserts spread throughout the world as vegetation shifted drastically in North America, Europe and Asia.

随着北美、欧洲和亚洲的植被发生巨大变化,全球的沙漠面积在扩大。(2002年6月阅读理解)。

The railway track will have to be cleared of vegetation if it is to be used again.

如果那条铁路要被重新使用,必须清除沿线的草木。

Unburnt vegetation rots quickly, but black carbon persists in the soil for many centuries. Radiocarbon dating shows that the charred wood in Terra Preta soils is typically more than 1 000 years old.

没有燃烧过的植被会很快腐烂,而土壤中的碳黑却可以存在数千年。由放射性碳定年法推测,普雷塔土壤中所含有的炭化木头的存在时间一般都已长达一千多年。(2005年6月阅读理解)。

veil

n. a covering of fine cloth or net for the head or face 面纱,面罩 v. hide or disguise 遮盖物,掩饰物。

a bridal veil 新娘面纱/a veil of mist 一层雾。

As the mountains were covered with a veil of cloud, we couldn t see their tops.

众山被云层笼罩,我们看不到山顶。(2002年6月阅读理解)。

Veiled in shadow, he managed to slip unnoticed through the gateway.

在阴暗的遮掩下,他神不知鬼不觉地溜出门去。

velocity

n. speed, esp. in a given direction 速度,速率。

lose velocity 减低速度/at a certain velocity 以某一速度。

Light travels at the highest achievable velocity in the universe.

光以宇宙中所能实现的最高速度传播。

ventilate

v. to allow fresh air to enter 通风,排风。

a well ventilated room 通风良好的房间/ventilate the room 给房间通风。

She used the meeting to ventilate all her grievances.

她利用会议撇开自己的委屈。

verge

n. the edge or border of a road, path, etc. 边,边缘。

verge作“边,边缘;界限”解时,其同义词有edge和brink。如:The 1961 missile crisis brought the world to the verge(或edge,brink) of an allout war.(1961年的导弹危机把世界带到了全面战争的边缘。) on the verge of,on the edge of和on the brink都作“濒于”解。如:She was on the verge(或edge,brink)of tears.(她差点要哭出来。)

verge, edge

verge 指极端的边缘。如:The company is on the verge of bankruptcy. 这家公司即将破产。 edge 指两物体彼此相接的地方,有时指平面物体沿终线部分。如:We began walking together along the grass edge. 我们开始沿着草坪边缘一起散步。

verge on madness/insanity 近乎疯狂/verge on/upon 接近。

She s been on the verge of a nervous breakdown ever since she lost the baby.

自从失去婴儿以后,她精神几乎崩溃了。

These companies have invested millions, believing that the space tourism industry is on the verge of taking off.

这些公司都已经投资了上百万,他们相信,空间旅游行业将要腾飞。(2006年12月)。

versatile

adj. having many kinds of skills on abilities 多才多艺的,有多种技能的 have many different uses 多功能的,多用途的。

most versatile 最多才多艺的/highly versatile 极多用途的。

The young girl will easily get another job; she is so versatile.

这个年轻的女孩会轻而易举地找到另一份工作,因为她是一个多才多艺的人。

veto

n. constitutional right to reject or forbid a legislative proposal or action 否决权 v. reject or forbid (sth.) authoritatively 否决,禁止。

the power of veto 否决权/meet with a veto 遭到否决。

I was surprised when the committee veto over the city council s proposal.

市长威胁说要对市议会的提案行使否决权。

vicinity

n. the surroundings; neighborhood 近处,附近。

in the vicinity of 在……附近。

The police were alerted that the escaped criminal might be in the vicinity.

警察得到报警;逃犯可能就在附近。(2000年6月阅读理解)。

All the ships in the vicinity of the crash joined in the search for survivors.

飞机失事现场附近的船只都参加了对幸存者的搜寻。

vicious

adj. cruel; having or showing hate and the desire to hurt 恶毒的,有恶意的。

vicious本义是“邪恶的;恶毒的”。如:a vicious political tool(邪恶的政治工具);vicious gossip(恶毒的流言)。vicious在口语中作“剧烈的,严厉的;恶性的”解。如:a vicious headache(剧烈的头疼);vicious weather(恶劣的天气)。a vicious circle是“恶性循环”。

a vicious headache 头疼得厉害/a vicious thing 凶残的事情。

Crime leads to prison, which leads to unemployment, which leads to crime. It s a vicious circle.

犯罪导致坐牢,坐牢引起失业,失业的结果又是犯罪。这是一个恶性循环。

visa

n. an official markput onto a passport giving a foreigner permission to enter, pass through or leave a particular country 签证

entry visa 入境签证/exit visa 出境签证。

I have to leave in June because my visa runs out in June.

六月我必须走,因为我的签证六月到期。

void

adj. empty, vacant 空的,空虚的 without sth.; lacking sth. 缺乏的,没有的n. empty space; vacuum 空间,真空。

empty, vacant,void

empty 为一般用词,指事物内空洞无物,用于抽象物体指毫无内容和价值。如:An empty promise is insincere. 空洞的诺言是无诚意的。 vacant 指暂时没有人居住或占据空闲着,用于抽象物体指无知识或无人任职而空缺。如:Have you anyone in mind for the vacant post. 你心目中有填补这个空位的人吗? void 常指五官感觉绝对空白,也指“空缺,没有”。如:That part of the town is completely void of interest for visitors.游客对那一部分城区毫无兴趣。

be void of 缺乏/null and void 无法律约束的,无敌的。

He is completely void of charm so far as I can see.

依我看来他完全没有魅力。

vulgar

adj. lacking in good taste or refinement; ruder or obscene 下流的,粗俗的,鄙俗的。

vulgar tastes 低级趣味/vulgar remarks 脏话。

It s rather vulgar to talk about how much money you earn.

谈论赚多少钱十分庸俗。

vulnerable

adj. easily harmed, hurt or attached, sensitive 易受伤的,脆弱的,易受袭击的。

作“缺乏的,没有的”讲时,后可接of。

a vulnerable point 弱点 be vulnerable to 易受……的。

Some researchers feel that certain people have nervous systems particularly vulnerable to hot, dry winds, they are what we call weathersensitive people.

有些研究者感到某些人的神经系统对于干燥的热风很敏感。这些人就是我们所说的天气敏感者。(2001年1月阅读理解)。

They were in a vulnerable position, with the enemy on the hill above them.

他们的位置极易受袭击,因为敌人就在他们上面的山坡上。