cymini sectores [拉丁语] 过分讲究细节的人。
receipt n.[古] recipe 药方。
Ⅲ.About the Essay
OF STUDIES is a simple but really dapper passage that may arouse many peoples interests of studying.In the passage, the author lists various benefits and use of study, which are all clarified through strong reasoning.After reading the passage again and again, we will learn that there are so many books in different fields that deserve to be“tasted”or even“chewed”carefully.We are free to choose the books that will arrest our interests.Besides, we seem to have found a true direction we will follow to pursue what we would like to learn , thus improving ourselves .
Ⅳ.Notes to the Text
1.Parallelism forms a kind of strong tone and powerful reasoning.For instance, the first sentence presents the reader with the benefits of study clearly, tersely and pellucidly .
2.Balance (or contrast) forms a kind of sharp contrast that will lead the reader to a right choice.For instance, this paragraph artfully tells the readers how to distribute their time reasonably to achieve a relatively better result .
3.Simile is employed here to give the reader a more vivid impression.The author compares our abilities to plants to clarify that our abilities should be improved by reading books, but reading books alone is not enough.It should be perfected by thinking and experience.The phrase“too much at large”
means“too general”. It is not likely for you to apply properly what you have learned from books to your daily life unless you have the experience to do so .
4.Different people have different attitudes towards study .Books themselves do not teach you how to use what you learn from them.You have to observe in life how to apply the book knowledge to practical use.The term“crafty men”refers to the people with certain skills rather than the cunning people .
The phrase“with them”means“outside the books”.
5.Metaphor is employed in this paragraph to illustrate how books should be read, which adds much vividness to the passage.The sentence“Some books also may be read by deputy”means you may ask other people to do the reading for you .But , of course, this only applies to the case of reading some less important books .
6.It is a Latin quotation from an ancient Roman poet Ovid s Heroides whichmeans“Studies passed into the character”.
7.This sentence means “If a man cannot concentrate himself”. The verb “be”isin the subjunctive mood.There are many other such cases in the sentencesthat follow .
8.The expression“to beat over matters”means“to examine things carefully”.
Ⅴ.Text-Related Practice
Translate the following part of the passage into Chinese:
Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested; that is, some books are to be read only in parts; others to be read , but not curiously; and some few to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention.Some books also may be read by deputy, and extracts made of them by others; but that would be only in the less important arguments, and the meaner sort of books; else distilled books are, like common distilled waters,flashy things .
Famous quotations by Francis Bacon:
A wise man will make more opportunities than he finds .
By far the best proof is experience .
Choose the life that is most useful, and habit will make it the most agreeable .
Death is a friend of ours; and he that is not ready to entertain him is not at home .
He of whom many are afraid ought to fear many .
If a man will begin with certainties, he shall end in doubts; but if he will be content to begin with doubts he shall end in certainties .
Natural abilities are like natural plants; they need pruning by study .
If we do not maintain Justice, Justice will not maintain us .
Knowledge is power .
Men fear death, as children fear to go in the dark ; and as that natural fearin children is increased with tales, so is the other .