书城外语课外英语-美国各州小知识(五)(双语版)
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第9章 德拉瓦州(4)

Gov.Minner lives on a farm in Milford and most enjoys spending time with her three sons and their wives,her seven grandchildren,and her great-granddaughter and two step-great-grandsons.

State Bird州鸟

本州在1939年雌鸟作为州鸟。它被作为图案长期用在许多政治运动和公开场合中。在美国革命战争时期,首领乔纳森·考德威尔的队员带着据说是很有战斗力的雌鸟做游戏。当没有打战的时候,他们就用它们斗鸟,于是这种斗鸟活动就在军队传开来。在战斗的时候,德拉瓦州人英勇地斗争,以至于把他们战斗的精神比作斗鸟。

Adopted on April 14,1939,the Blue Hen chicken had long been used as a motif(主题,图形)in numerous political campaigns and in many publications.During the Revolutionary War,the men of Captain Jonathan Caldwell’s company,recruited in Kent County,took with them game chickens that were said to be of the brood of a famous Blue Hen and were noted for their fighting ability.When not fighting the enemy,the officers and men amused themselves by pitting their Blue Hen chickens in cockfights.The fame of these cockfights spread throughout the army and when in battle,the Delaware men fought so valiantly(勇猛地,英勇地)that they were compared to these fighting cocks.

Gallus gallus is native to Southern Asia,particularly the jungles(丛林)of India.Gallus gallus spread all over the world when people domesticated(驯养)the chicken.This account primarily discusses the wild species.

Gallus gallus ’plumage(翅膀)is gold,red,brown,dark maroon(栗色的),orange,with a bit of metallic(金属(性)的)green and gray.There are also some white and olive(橄榄色)feathers.Two white patches,shaped like an ear,appear on either side of the head.Gallus gallus can be distinguish from other chickens not only by these white patches,but also by the grayish feet.The red junglefowl can measure up to 70centimeters in length.They have a total of fourteen tail feathers.Gallus gallus rooster tails can be almost 28centimeter in length.

The red junglefowl rooster(雄禽,〈主美〉公鸡)is said to be more brilliantly colored that its tame relative.During June to October,G.gallus moults into an eclipse plumage.An eclipse(衰落)plumage is,for male,black long feather across the middle of his back and slender red-orange plumes on the rest of his body.For a female,an eclipse plumage cannot be distiguished,but she does moult.The female red junglefowl is leaner than tame hens.

Reproduction:

The breeding season of the red junglfowl is spring and summer.The chicks will start their lives in the warmth of the summer sun.An egg is laid each day.For twenty-one days before hatching,the chick will develop inside of the egg.On the first day,the heart and blood vessels of the chick develop and start to work.At the end of the first day,the head starts to take shape.By the fourth day,all organs of the future chick are present.On the fifth day,external sex structure developed.By the thirteenth day,the skeleton begins to calcify using the calcium([化]钙(元素符号Ca))from the eggshell(蛋壳,易碎的东西).From the time when the egg is laid until hatching,the chick feeds on the yolk(蛋黄,[生物]卵黄)that surrounds him.The yolk penetrate in the chick body by the umbilicus(脐,中心).On the twenty-first day,the chick,now fully developed,starts to break through his thin shell.This action can take anywhere from ten to twenty hours.

By four to five weeks of age,the chicks are normally fully feathered.Their first adult wings’feather will take another four weeks to grow.When the chicks are twelve weeks old,the mother chases(追赶,追逐)them out of the group.They will then go on to form their own group or join another.At five months old,the chicks reach sexual maturity.The females reach sexual maturity a little later than the males.

Behavior:

Gallus gallus has very distinctive social system involving a pecking order([生]啄序,任何团体中之长幼强弱次序),with one dominating all,and one submitting to all.There is one pecking order for female and one for male.

The physical action for dominace is to raise the tail and head.Submission is shown when a G.gallus lowers his tail and head,crouches(蜷缩,蹲伏),and tilts the head to one side.Hens feed safely under the protection of the dominating cock.In order to fight,hens need to go at least ten feet from the dominating cock.When a dominating cock dies,the next higher cock in the pecking order takes charge immediately.The pecking order is introduced to chicks when they are just a week old.An order is accomplished in about seven weeks.The dominating cock’s sphere of influence is about sixty to seventy feet.

State Flower州花

1895年5月9日一项法案通过采用桃花为本州州花,德拉瓦州作为桃子州而声名远扬。因为它在那时有800000株桃树能生产价值数千美元的产量。在有历史记载之前,桃树就被根植在中国,后由于丝绸之路的开通,便传到了波斯(现在的伊朗),就是在那儿欧洲人首次获得桃子。希腊人尤其是古罗马人在公元前300—400年将桃树传遍欧洲和英格兰。在16—17世纪,葡萄牙人将它引进到南美,而西班牙人则将它引进到北美(北部的佛罗里达州—乔治亚州海岸)。当地美国人和殖民者又将它从北美分布到南部加拿大。今天48个邻近州2/3的地方都有栽培。

Passage of the act to adopt the Peach Blossom on May 9,1895,was prompted by Delaware’s reputation as the “Peach State”,since her orchards(果园,果园里的全部果树)contained more than 800,000peach trees yielding a crop worth thousands of dollars at that time.

Peaches were cultivated in China before written history,and moved to Persia(Iraq)along silk trading routes.The epithet(绰号,称号)persica denotes Persia,which is where Europeans first obtained peaches.Greeks and especially Romans spread the peach throughout Europe and England starting in 300-400BC.Peaches came to the new world with explorers of the 16th-17th centuries,with Portuguese(葡萄牙人)introducing it to S.America and Spaniards(西班牙人)to N.America(Northern Florida/Georgia coast).Native Americans and settlers distributed the peach across N.America into southern Canada,and it is cultivated in 2/3of the 48contiguous states today.

A small tree with a spreading canopy(天篷,遮篷),usually 2-3.5m in cultivation.Trees are short-lived,generally living only 15-20years,and even less in cultivation(e.g.,the average tree life expectancy(期待,期望)in Georgia is 8years).Leaves are linear with acute tips,folded slightly along the midrib([植](叶的)中脉),sickle-shaped in profile

Leaf:Alternate,simple,lanceolate(矛尖形的,披针状的),serrated(锯齿状的,有锯齿的),3to 6inches long,often curved along midrib,shiny dark green above,paler below.