书城外语一本书读懂消失的文明:英汉对照
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第37章 庞贝古城——灭顶之灾后的生命赞歌(2)

The pavements were a lot higher than the level of road - for a very good reason. Not only did the road act as a drain for rainwater, but it also carried away a lot of rubbish and even sewage. This made it rather unpleasant to cross, so there were stepping stones to help people keep their feet clean.

The stepping stones were arranged with gaps so that the wheels of carts could pass through. We know that the streets of Pompeii carried a lot of wheeled traffic, because there are deep grooves where the wheels have worn away.

庞贝城的街道:和今天一样先进完善

当你在庞贝城漫步,你会吃惊地想到这是走在2000多年前的人们修建的街道上。街面铺着灰色的平板砖、维苏威火山的火山岩——就像今天那不勒斯附近的街面一样。

人行道比街道的水平面稍微高一些,这不仅使马路成为雨水的排水沟,而且带走了许多垃圾甚至是污水。但这样的设计就使得横穿马路成为一件让人不愉快的事情,所以马路中间还有分级的石阶以帮助人们保持脚的干净。

分级的石阶铺设得有间隙,这样大车的轮子就能通过了。我们知道庞贝城的街道承载了大量轮运交通,因为在那些车轮已经消逝的今天,它们深深的车辙还保留着。

Terme Stabiane:The place for important figures

There were three public baths in the city of Pompeii. The Terme Stabiane is one of the oldest baths. This bath was quite quaint, which was built in the 2nd century BC. There were undressing rooms, lukewarm bathrooms, swimming pools and so on in it. It was the best retained one among the existing three unearthed bathhouses. In the corridor of the bathroom, there were a row of cyclinders. The sculptures on the inner wall were very detailed, and even the marble bathtub in the bathroom was also very valuable. The floor of double-layer structure can keep the inner temperature constant by the steam below. It is said that the people coming in and out of it at that time were mostly politicians and important figures in the city.

斯塔比亚浴场某:重要人物出入的场所

庞贝城内有三座公共浴场,斯塔比亚浴场为其中最古老的浴场。这个浴场相当古雅,建于公元前2世纪,内有脱衣室、微温浴室、游泳池等,是庞贝城内现存已出土的三座浴场中保留得最好的一座。浴室长廊中圆柱成列,室内墙上的雕塑非常细致,连浴室内一个大理石浴盆也是价值连城。双层设计结构的地板,使下方的蒸汽保持浴场内的温度。据说,当年在这儿出入的多为政客和城中的重要人物。

The temple of Apollo in Pompeii:Similar to the jewish temple

This is a typical Roman style temple. Generally, the Greeks built temples closer to the ground with space inside the temple for worshipers. The Roman temple was fashioned with space for worshipers outside in a courtyard. The temple was high off the ground and only the priests were allowed inside. In the rear of the Temple of Apollo was a room that only the high priest could enter.

It was like the "Holy of Holies" in the temple in Jerusalem. It is very suspicious that many ancient temples were patterned after the layout of the Jerusalem temple. King Solomon was very influential in his day.

The bronze statue of the pagan god Apollo is a reproduction of the original, which is housed in the National Archeological Museum in Naples. On the opposite side is what remains of a bronze statue of Diana, Apollo's sister. Some believe that Mercury was also worshipped here.

庞贝城的阿波罗神庙:与犹太庙相仿

这是一座典型的罗马式神庙。一般说来,希腊人的神庙建得比较低,内部留有空间为祭拜者使用。罗马式样则流行在神庙外面的院子里让朝拜者祭祀,而且神庙高出地面许多,只有祭司允许在里面。在阿波罗神庙的后面有一个小房间,只允许最高祭司出入。

阿波罗神庙就像耶路撒冷的被称为“神圣中的神圣”的寺庙。许多人怀疑大部分的古代神庙都是仿照耶路撒冷寺庙的设计规划的,因为那个时代以色列国王所罗门是很有影响力的。

神庙外的青铜铸成的异教神像阿波罗是原作的复制品,原作现放置于那不勒斯的国家建筑博物馆。阿波罗神像对面是他姐姐黛安娜的青铜塑像,有些人认为在这里众神的信使墨丘利神也得到崇拜。

Lifelike portrait in Pompeii:The judge couple

This painting is probably a portrait of two important people of ancient Pompeii: A married couple from Pompeii. They are believed to be the lawyer Terentius Neo and his wife.